In addition to the structural changes in the kidney associated with aging, physiological changes in renal function are also found in older adults, such as decreased glomerular filtration rate, vascular dysautonomia, altered tubular handling of creatinine, reduction in sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, and diminished renal reserve. These alterations make aged individuals susceptible t...

Restoring tree cover in tropical countries has the potential to benefit millions of smallholders through improvements income and environmental services. However, despite their dominant landholding shares many countries, smallholders’ role restoration not been addressed prior global or pan-tropical studies. We fill this lacuna by using spatial data on trees people, national indicators enabling c...

e nergy consumption has increased significantly in iran during the recent decades. in this study, an inter-industrial model has been improved to investigate the sources of the changes in the energy consumption of the country. the input-output tables of iran for the years 1988 and 2001 have been employed as the database of the model. the innovation of this research allows the researchers to stud...

The purpose of our study was to address the lack of information on the success of hardwood tree plantations established on nonindustrial private forestlands as it relates to the silvicultural practices employed during the first 5 years following planting. Through a telephone survey of afforesting private landowners and a field assessment of their plantations in Indiana, we found that seedling s...

Managing natural processes at the landscape scale to promote forest health is important, especially in the case of wildfire, where the ability of a landowner to protect his or her individual parcel is constrained by conditions on neighboring ownerships. However, management at a landscape scale is also challenging because it requires cooperation on plans and actions that cross ownership boundari...

Abstract The largest concentration of state-level forest cost-share programs in the United States can be found southern states. Since inception first 1970s, US South have acted as models for rest country. Cost-share compensate landowners through direct reimbursements to address barriers such limited owner capital and cash flow initial years investment. Through a review literature progress repor...

Cognitive abilities rise steeply from infancy to young adulthood and then are either maintained or decline to old age, depending on the specific ability. This pattern suggests corresponding continuities of mechanism and process, but it is striking that the fields of cognitive development and cognitive aging make little contact with each other's methods and theories. In this review we examine re...