In this paper, we derive an unsteady refraction–diffraction model for narrowbanded water waves for use in computing coupled wave–current motion in the nearshore. The end result is a variable coefficient, nonlinear Schrödinger-type wave driver (describing the envelope of narrow-banded incident waves) coupled to forced nonlinear shallow water equations (describing steady or unsteady mean flows dr...

Based on Takayama-Lin-Liu-Maki model, analytical expressions for the third-harmonic generation, dc Kerr effect, dc-induced second-harmonic optical Kerr effect, optical Kerr effect or intensity-dependent index of refraction, and dc-electric-field-induced optical rectification are derived under the static current-current (J0J0) correlation for one-dimensional infinite chains. The results of hyper...

The discovery of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in 1964 by Penzias and Wilson led to the establishment of the hot big-bang cosmological model some ten years later. Discoveries made in 1998 may ultimately have as profound an effect on our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe. Taken at face value, they confirm the basic tenets of Inflation + Cold Dark Matter, a bold an...

To investigate the coupling effects of wave–wind, wave–current, and wave–current–wind on a pile foundation marine structure, harbor basin tests loads induced by single combined action wave, current, wind were conducted. The time histories, power spectrums, characteristic values drag forces in test conditions compared. Then, coefficients calculated based to quantitively evaluate effects. influen...

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have evolved to subserve a variety of diverse functions in higher vertebrates, including modulation of arterial tone, regulation of airway resistance, and control of gastrointestinal motility. The diverse functional capacities of SMCs are ultimately determined by the expression of genes encoding SMC-restricted contractile and cytoskeletal proteins, intracellular enzym...