Recent examples of patent litigation show the evidence of firms strategic patent use. Thus forecasting patent litigation becomes a greater priority. Patent citations have been prevalent in its usage in analyzing business environment as diverse patent indicators or a tool to predict patent litigation. However, most previous research has considered only direct patent citations. In order to overco...

We investigate the influence of different host-country knowledge sources on quality and generality multinational corporation (MNC) innovation. suggest that MNC innovation increases with geographical distance from local industrial organizations. also argue research institutions, but decreases after a certain threshold. explain these relationships based cognitive distances separating activities o...

Over the past two decades, the role of intellectual property rights in all areas of science and technology has exploded globally– primarily due to the rules prescribed by the World Trade Organization’s TRIPS and by bilateral/regional trade agreements. The TRIPS agreement obligates all WTO member countries to adopt and enforce minimum standards of intellectual property rights. The TRIPS agreemen...

The U.S patent system has been under attack for about a decade. One of the main justifications for changing the patent system has centered on the issue of patent quality. According to patent critics, patents are bad or low quality, justifying major changes to the patent examination and review system. I argue that patent quality is a proxy for attacking patent validity, which has a complex histo...

In the past years, world witnessed great interest in intellectual and industrial property, due to huge technological development revolution that witnessed, developing countries raced own it. This led issuance of international agreements regulating property its various forms, especially inventions With Arab national legislation rules protect inventions, Therefore, research article aimed identify...

The distinction between macro- and microinventions is at the core of recent debates on Industrial Revolution. Yet, empirical testing this notion has remained elusive. We address issue by introducing a new quality indicator for all patents granted in England period 1700–1850. provides opportunity large-scale appraisal microinventions. Our findings indicate that macroinventions did not exhibit an...