Knowledge and the Division of Innovative Labour. Research Policy 23, 523-532. Borenstein, S., MacKie-Mason, J., and Netz, J.S. 2000. Exercising Market Power in Proprietary Aftermarkets. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. Vol 9, No. 2.Dennis W. Carlton, 2001, A general analysis of exclusionary conduct and refusal to deal — why aspen and kodak are misguided, NBER Working Paper 8105...

We analyze the incidence and welfare effects of unit sales taxes in experimental monopoly and Bertrand markets. We find, in line with economic theory, that firms with no market power are able to shift a high share of a tax burden on to consumers, independent of whether buyers are automated or human players. In monopoly markets, a monopolist bears a large share of the burden of a tax increase. W...

The United States of America and the European Community1 have dealt with competition law and intellectual property rights by methods that are historically contrasting and institutionally diverse. The historical contrast is the sequence in which the two legal subjects became creatures of central legislation. The U.S. Constitution of 1787 granted the federal Congress power “[t]o promote the Progr...

We investigate how information goods are priced and diffused over links in a network. A new equivalence relation between nodes captures the effects of network architecture locations sellers on division profits, characterizes topology competing (and potentially overlapping) diffusion paths. Sellers indirectly appropriate profits intermediation chains from buyers their classes. Links within same ...

There are well-known circumstances under which unilateral refusals to license will cause harm to competition, that is, will lower consumer welfare. However, when the strategy is profitable, refusals to license also increase the returns to intellectual property, and thus limitations on them will reduce the incentives for firms to invest in innovation. The optimal balance between innovation incen...

Biological innovations in agriculture did not enjoy protection by formal intellectual property rights (IPRs) for a long time, but the recent trend has been one of considerable broadening and strengthening of these rights. We document the nature of these IPRs and their evolution, and provide an assessment of their impacts on innovation. We integrate elements of the institutional history of plant...

This paper analyzes the effect of imitation on the rate of technological progress in an endogenous growth model. Quality leaders protect themselves from imitation by secondary development, which increases technological progress. Nevertheless, lower intellectual property rights protection reduces the incentives to enter the research sector, which lowers innovation by outsiders. Simulations show ...

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The second author was invited to write this paper by the Intellectual Property Advisory Committee (IPAC) of the UK Patent Office. She is grateful to the Director of the Intellectual Property Institute, Paul Leonard, who provided a small grant to employ Padraig Dixon, who drafted much of the eventual text. We also acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Mark Rogers, Harris Manchester College, in respe...