Real estate investment decision-making is an important part of project development, which directly affects the risk level of real estate project development and the return on investment size. Real estate investment has features of high risks and high uncertainty. The failure of real estate investment will not only affect the enterprises’ survival and development, and may even affect the entire ...

This paper experimentally investigates investment behavior. We find that global risk – i.e. risk independent of an agent’s investment decision (like political risk) – substantially decreases investment. Also effort to obtain the capital used for investment decreases investment substantially. These results are neither in line with expected utility theory nor with psychologically orientated theor...

Portfolio optimization is the process of making investment decisions on holding a set of financial assets to meet various criteria. A variety of investment assets around the world make this multi-faceted decision problem very complicated. Econometric and statistical models as well as machine learning and data mining techniques have been used by many researchers and analysts to propose heuristic...

This paper studies optimal investment decision under uncertainty regarding agricultural income subsidies. The approach is based on stochastic programming. Investment decision is modelled as a Markov decision process. The cost of imperfect information can be estimated as the difference between the profitability of investment under stable income subsidies and under uncertain subsidies. risk. Assu...

XBRL has the ability to provide financial statements with improved data information quality (DIQ). Contextual and representational DIQ are relevant to perceptual and decision factors of nonprofessional investors when they interact with XBRL-based financial statements and make investment decisions. The author posits that XBRL-based financial statements with improved contextual and representation...

This paper addresses the question of determining the optimal timing of interventions in information security management. Using utility theory, we derive the limiting condition under which, given a potential or realized risk, a decision to invest, delay, or abandon can be justified. Our primary focus is on the decision to defer costly deterministic investments, such as the removal of a service o...