According to the Ahlowalia hypothesis (1995), the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) beside infrastructure investments of government lead to income inequality decrease in rural areas of countries. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of public investments such as agricultural R&E, road, education and irrigation on income inequality in rural areas of Iran. In ord...

Flight delays occur in the air transportation system when disruptive events such as weather, equipment outage, or congestion create an imbalance between capacity and demand. These cycles of disruptions subsequent recoveries can be viewed from a dynamical systems perspective: exogenous inputs (convective airspace restrictions, etc.) disrupt system, inducing inefficiencies which eventually recove...

Optimal policy during an epidemic calls for depressed economic activity to slow down the outbreak. Sometimes, these decisions are left local authorities (e.g. states). This creates externality, as outbreak does not respect states’ boundaries. The externality directly exacerbates Indirectly, it a free-rider problem, because policymakers pass cost of fighting on other states. A standard system di...