Muslim-majority countries do not use formal financial services (Honohon 2007).1 Even when financial services are available, some people view conventional products as incompatible with the financial principles set forth in Islamic law. In recent years, some microfinance institutions (MFIs) have stepped in to service low-income Muslim clients who demand products consistent with Islamic financial ...

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Parsian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer and IT, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Parand, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj...

1. Arguments Against Post-Mortem Sperm Retrieval A. Issur Nivvul ha-Met The 613 Torah commandments can be divided into two categories: those between man and God (ben adam la-maqom) and those between man and his fellow man (ben adam la-havero). The prohibition against nivvul ha-met, insulting the dignity of the dead, is a type of damage and, like all types of damages, falls in the category of co...

The rhetoric of Islamic banking – exemplified in this opening quote by one of the industry’s most prominent pioneers – is derived from its historical evolution as a model of two-tier silent partnership. In fact, Islamic banks have mimicked conventional bank assets – from receivables to bonds, with credit sale and lease-backed debt instruments. In the meantime, Islamic banks have continued to re...

1Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran 2Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran 3Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran 4Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, ...

INTRODUCTION The tipping point that led to this article being written was the publication in the Lancet of data unequivocally demonstrating the remarkable increase in pressure in the last few years on primary care and particularly on GPs.1 There have been other times when pressure on GPs has been notable — the new GP contract of 2004 was a response to similar circumstances. But with resources f...

The concept of Islamic or Shariah-compliant finance is based on core tenets of Islam concerning property rights, social and economic justice, wealth distribution, and governance. One of the key features of the system is prohibition of riba (interest) and gharar (ambiguous contracts or deals) (Kabir and Mahlkrecht 2011, 74; El-Gamal 2009, 58–60). There is consensus among scholars that the prohib...

Increases in longevity resulting from improvements in health care and living conditions together with a decrease in fertility rates have contributed to a shift towards an aged population profile. For the first time the UK has more people over age 60 than below 16 years of age. The increase in longevity has not been accompanied by an increase in disease-free life expectancy and research into age...

The predominant, but largely untested, assumption in research on food choice is that people obey the classic commandments of rational behavior: they carefully look up every piece of relevant information, weight each piece according to subjective importance, and then combine them into a judgment or choice. In real world situations, however, the available time, motivation, and computational resou...