The occurrence of anthelmintic resistance on 25 sheep farms in the Nyandarua District of Kenya was investigated, using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), the egg hatch assay (EHA) and a larval development assay (LDA). In the FECRT, resistance to both benzimidazoles (BZs) and levamisole (LEV) was detected on four farms, resistance to LEV only on three farms and to BZs, only on two farm...

Background: Chromium (Cr), a naturally occurring heavy metal, exists in many states, but the trivalent Cr (III) and hexavalent Cr (VI) forms are the most common in the environment. Acute and chronic toxicity in both animal and man are mainly caused by Cr (VI) compounds. Studies on hematological parameters in sub-acute toxicity of potassium chromate in broiler chicks are limited. Aims & Objectiv...

The present study tested the susceptibility and pathological changes of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) infected with Edwardsiella tarda (ET-PG-29). The bacterium was isolated from the kidney of a diseased pangas catfish. To determine the median lethal dose (LD50), C. catla were challenged with this bacterium (10-10 CFU ml), and the LD50 was calculated as 10 5.5 CFU ml. Another set of healthy C. ...

We investigated the toxicity of the fixed oil of Nigella sativa L seeds in mice and rats through determination of LD50 values and examination of possible biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes. The acute toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil was investigated in mice. LD50 values, obtained by single doses, orally and intraperitoneally administered in mice, were 28.8 ml/kg body w...

To evaluate the acute phase damage to liver by carbon ions, BALB/c mice were irradiated with carbon ions or X-rays after two-thirds partial hepatectomy, and their survival was followed. The 50% lethal dose within 60 days (LD50/60) was 42.2 +/- 0.25 Gy (standard error) for X-rays, and 22.7 +/- 0.25 Gy for carbon ions. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon ions was 1.86 (95% confi...

Chlorfenvinphos is an organophosphate insecticide widely used alone or in combination in Poland. In the present study, the influence of chlorfenvinphos on the activity of mitochondrial antioxidative system as well as hydrogen peroxide concentration was examinated. The experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats of 180±20g body weight. The animals were divided into two groups: the control gro...

The effects of soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) on coronary blood flow, the electrocardiogram, and cardiac function were measured in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized swine. Coronary blood flow (CBF), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), peak systolic left ventricular pressure (IVP), maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (dP/dtmax), cardiac output, and the ECG were monitor...

Endemic nosocomial Legionnaires disease has occurred at our medical center for several years. Two subtypes of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (UH-1 and RH-1) have been isolated in approximately equal numbers from hospital potable water. However, almost all clinical isolates have been UH-1. To assess potential differences in virulence, 50% lethal doses (LD50) and 50% infective doses (ID50) of...

In this study, Mesobuthus gibbosus and Mesobuthus eupeus eupeus venom samples were compared for lethality, in-vivo effects and proteins. Neutralization capacity of monovalent Androctonus crassicauda antivenom (RSHA anti-Ac) was tested against the lethal effects of the venoms. Venom was obtained from mature scorpions by electrical stimulation of the telson. The lethality of the venom and potency...