The current study, setting a two-fold goal, attempted to see whether the preemptive focus on form (FonF) under either planned or unplanned conditions could contribute to increasing lexical diversity in written narratives and, second, to find whether there was a trade-off between the lexical diversity and accuracy. To this end, 32 beginner learners were selected following a Quick Oxford Placemen...

Translation plays an important role in conveying and manipulating ideologies. Accordingly, this study sought to analyze the ideological elements in the English subtitles of the Persian movie The Salesman. The framework to find the driven ideological strategies in the translation of the Persian audio of the same movie was based on the critical discourse analysis (...

Abstract Children’s increasing expertise in composition relies partly on word choice. Little is known about how children consider words as they write, their meta-lexical awareness, or choice of for writing. In this study, we investigate children’s one aspect metalinguistic which guides choices write. We describe child writers express awareness and might relate to writing achievement. view langu...

This investigation aimed to analyze the use of turn-takings, organization adjacency pairs that are practised in Pakistani drama. Drawing on framework presented by Young (2011), this research has provided insight into relationship between conversational and situational features which conversations were performed, figure out purpose operating a conversation specific situation, especially entertai...

this paper investigates the use of ‘lexical bundles’ in two broad corpora of journalistic writing. the aim of this study is to compare the use of lexical bundles in the two domains, one consisted of newspaper articles written in english and published in england and the other one comprised of newspaper articles written in persian from iranian publications. for this purpose, the frequency of occu...

Many projects are conducted to develop multilingual lexical databases. Some of these projects use an interlingual approach (KBMT-89, EDR, ...), where others choose a bilingual approach (Multilex, ...). This paper presents an interlingual approach based on acceptions (word-senses) aiming at the development of a multilingual lexical database management system: NADIA. With this approach, the inter...

The study of lexical bundles, among types of text analysis, is gaining importance over the others in the last century. The present study employed a frequency-based analysis approach to the use of lexical bundles. The discussion section of 60 political science articles, with corpora around 253,063 words were investigated in three aspects of structure, form, and function of lexical bundles. The p...

In natural language generation (NLG), a semantic representation of some k i n d possibly enriched with pragmatic attributes is successively transformed into one or more linguistic utterances. No matter what particular architecture is chosen to organize this process, one of the crucial decisions to be made is lexicalization: selecting words that adequately express the content that is to be commu...