Dementia is defined as significant acquired cognitive impairment in one or more cognitive domains that represents a significant decline from previous baseline and interferes with independence in daily activities. Autoimmune dementia is a term that has been used to describe a steroid-responsive autoimmune disorder characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia with a fluctuating course. Even co...

Brainwave is a kind of traceable neurophysiological energy in a living brain. Invisible to human eyes, it is only detectable using electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). The waves or oscillations or rhythms are produced mainly by the oscillatory networks of the brain. Three main oscillatory networks are thalamocortical, extrathalamic-cortical...

Vestibular system, which consists of structures in the inner ear and brainstem, plays a vital role is body balance and patient well-being. In recent years, modulating this system by vestibular stimulation techniques are reported to be effective in stress relief and possibly patient's emotional well-being. Emotions refer to an aroused state involving intense feeling, autonomic activation, and re...