The goal of this research was to learn if young children overestimate message quality because they evaluate their knowledge or assumptions about the intended meaning of the message, rather than its literal meaning. 2 experiments were conducted with preschoolers (4 years) and kindergartners (5-6 years). Second graders (8 years) also participated in the first experiment. Children evaluated the co...

Metaphors are common elements of language that allow us to creatively stretch the limits of word meaning. However, metaphors vary in their degree of novelty, which determines whether people must create new meanings on-line or retrieve previously known metaphorical meanings from memory. Such variations affect the degree to which general cognitive capacities such as executive control are required...

A "Statute" is the will of the Sovereign Legislature according to which the Governments function. The executive must act and the Judiciary in the course of Administration of Justice must apply the law as laid down by the said legislative will. Very often occasions will arise where the courts will be called upon to interpret the words, phrases and expressions used in the statute. In the course o...

Meaning is a marvellous and dreadful matter, as it is neither totally intelligible nor totally unintelligible. It cannot be considered as an univocal, closed and fixed entity, atomic in nature, universally shared and invariable in time. Rather, meaning has a complex design, composed by different facets: a referential, an inferential, and a differential one. This standpoint, which overcomes the ...

The driving vision for our work is to provide intelligent, automated assistance to users in understanding the status of their email conversations. Our approach is to create tools that enable the detection and connection of speech acts across email messages. We thus require a mechanism for tagging email utterances with some indication of their dialogic function. However, existing dialog act taxo...

after weakening of traditional presence of rhythm and rhyme in poem and introducing of new issues and challenges, the necessity of using the capacity and various tools for indicating concepts received more attention. poets by using different elements struggled to communicate with their audience properly. one of these elements derived from music is repetition which is so brilliant in ahmad matar...