Live pigs are still the mainstay of livestock sub-sector exports inIndonesia. Although pig farming in Indonesia has competitivenessin international market, its productivity shows a decliningcondition. The purpose this research is to measure level oftechnical efficiency small-scale breeding and fatteningbusinesses. data used come from results FarmHousehold Survey conducted by Central Bureau Stat...

The Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established the World Trade Organization to supervise the reduction of barriers to, and liberalisation of, world trade. The application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures will be standardised to avoid use for protectionist purposes by countries or regional trade blocks. Harmonisation of animal disease control measures wi...

Organic Dairy farming means raising dairy animals on organic feed and providing them the access to pasture, along with the restricted usage of antibiotics and hormones. Whereas organic fruits, vegetables, grains, and some livestock have long been mainstays of the organic movement, organic dairy is a relative newcomer. Organic dairy surged into the organic marketplace in the 1990s, establishing ...

Any outbreak of an animal disease classified as a List A disease by the Office International des Epizooties, such as classical swine fever (CSF), has severe consequences for animal welfare, livestock production, exports of animals and animal products and the environment. Experience shows that early detection and response to a suspected disease outbreak will maximise the effectiveness of the eme...

iranian pistachio is one of the strategic crops within most agricultural commodities having the highest income from exports for the country and a significant share of the country's non-oil exports but the marketing and packaging technologies for this crop are at a low level in comparison with competing countries like usa. in recent years the rate of production and its exports have decreased dra...

Using unique recently released nationally representative high-quality longitudinal data at the plant level, this paper presents the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between exports and productivity for Germany, a leading actor on the world market for manufactured goods. It applies and extends the now standard approach from the international literature to document that the positi...

This study is carried out to examine the economic factors affecting the services exports using descriptive-survey method. Research objectives are Identification of economic variables affecting the services exports, Identifying the critical components of service exports, The study of the structural model on the effect of discovered components on export services and Ranking the weight of each of ...

The importance of drug as a valuable export product in the global economy becomes more clear every day. Understanding the problems of exports and factors affecting it, can be an important step to keep Iran’s position in the world markets and further export development of this product.In this study, Iranian pharmaceutical exports’ supply and demand functions were calculated using co-integration ...

We calibrate the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development International Commodity Market model using 2019/20 marketing year crop data 2020 calendar livestock biofuel to project China's agricultural imports under six plausible policy scenarios focusing on ethanol, corn, pork from 2021 2030. Our baseline projection reflects current of relaxing tariff rate quota (TRQ) corn imposing ethanol wi...