BACKGROUND We systematically reviewed observational studies of early mortality post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, as defined by the World Bank, to summarize what is known. METHODS AND FINDINGS Studies published in English between January 1996 and December 2010 were searched in Medline and EMBA...

OBJECTIVE Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), the commonest opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in the developed world, is less commonly described in tropical and low and middle income countries (LMIC). We sought to investigate predictors of PCP in these settings. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-regression. METHODS Meta-regression of predictors of PCP diagnosis (33 studie...

This paper presents a mixed method, participatory exploration of liveability as stocktaking assessment with projections for urban vitality in cities, particularly LMIC, small cities. The takes its case study research conducted 2019 and 2020 Mongla Noapara, south west Bangladesh. illustrates firstly, the possibilities concept to produce nuanced, granular understandings how cities such Noapara fu...

trauma is a leading cause of death and disability especially amongst young people. road traffic crash–related death, injury, and chronic disability continue to be a major worldwide burden to drivers, pedestrians and users of mass transit, especially in low- and middle-income countries(lmic). projections predict worsening of this burden, and while motorization of lmic increases exponentially, a ...

Identification of the causative pathogen in infectious diseases is important for surveillance and to guide treatment. In low- middle-income countries (LMIC), conventional culture identification methods, including biochemical are reference-standard. Biochemical methods can lack sensitivity specificity have slow turnaround times, causing delays definitive therapy. Matrix-assisted laser desorption...

Despite international recognition of the importance of healthcare management in the development of high-performing systems, the path by which countries may develop and sustain a professional healthcare management workforce has not been articulated. Accordingly, we sought to identify a set of common themes in the establishment of a professional workforce of healthcare managers in low- and middle...