return and volatility spillovers are important for portfolio selection, asset valuation and market efficiency investigation. using a var-bekk framework model, this paper investigates return and volatility spillover effects between three size-sorted equity indices in tehran stock exchange (tse). although daily return of large stocks leads small stocks (lead-lag effect), there wasn’t any spillove...

Iranian banking network policymakers are focused on bank consolidation as one of the reform policies in recent years. But before merging banks, it is necessary to examine their effects. Loans are one crucial item in the bankschr('39') balance sheets that are affected by bank consolidation. In the Iranian banking network, loans are offered to various economic sectors. What is important for banki...

The use of GARCH models to characterize crude oil price volatility is widely observed in the empirical literature. In this paper the efficiency of six univariate GARCH models and two methods of estimation the parameters for forecasting oil price volatility are examined and the best method for forecasting crude oil price volatility of Brent market is determined. All the examined models in this p...

We propose a fast algorithm for computing the expected tranche loss in the Gaussian factor model with arbitrary accuracy using Hermite expansions. No assumptions about homogeneity of the portfolio are made. The algorithm is a generalization of the algorithm proposed in [4]. The advantage of the new algorithm is that it allows us to achieve higher accuracy in almost the same computational time. ...

The new FASB current expected credit loss (CECL) proposal, IASB’s IFRS 9, and regulatory stress testing all require that the industry move toward forecasting probabilities of future events, rather than simply rankordering loans. Even more importantly, effective loan pricing requires this same forward-looking, loan-level forecasting. We created a loan-level version of Age-Period-Cohort (APC) mod...

The loan market has contributed to the success and failure of economies. Examples of such failures are the US subprime mortgage crisis as well as the global economic meltdown that followed. Many factors influence the loan market, making it volatile and vulnerable. As such, it is important to understand the extent of its vulnerability. Such uncertainties emerge from asymmetric information in the...

Although federal student aid currently disburses more than $130 billion to 14 million students annually, students primarily cite financial difficulties as their reason for dropping out of college. In this paper, I use subtle differences in the federal aid application process to study how small costs affect student borrowing behavior by taking advantage of a policy change in which schools transi...

The Basel II Accord pointed out benefits of credit risk management through internal models to estimate Probability of Default (PD). Banks use default predictions to estimate the loan applicants’ PD. However, in practice, PD is not useful and banks applied credit scorecards for their decision making process. Also the competitive pressures in lending industry forced banks to use profit scorecards...

This paper investigates the effect of relationship-lending on loan contract terms, especially on the interest rate, loan value, and collateral requirements. For this purpose, data on 4850 loans granted by a bank in 2016 is employed. Our estimations show a negative and significant relationship between the interest rate and quality and quantity of borrower-lender relationship. Furthermore, there ...