The buckling torque may be much less than the yield torque in very thin rectangular tubes under torsion. In this paper, simple closed-form formulae are presented for buckling analysis of long hollow rectangular tubes under torsion. By the presented formulae, one can obtain the critical torque or the critical angle of twist of the tube in terms of its geometrical parameters and material constant...

We propose a new algorithm for computing the Riemann mapping of the unit disk to a polygon, also known as the Schwarz–Christoffel transformation. The new algorithm, CRDT (for cross-ratios of the Delaunay triangulation), is based on cross-ratios of the prevertices, and also on cross-ratios of quadrilaterals in a Delaunay triangulation of the polygon. The CRDT algorithm produces an accurate repre...

Plasma polymerized ethylenediamine (PPEDA) thin films (20 nm 70 nm) were deposited on the powered electrode of the low pressure capacitively coupled 13.56 MHz plasma. The chemical composition of the thin PPEDA films was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. During storage of the PPEDA films in air, characteristic changes in the FTIR spectrum were observed immediately after deposition and over lon...

Wax. The product was isolated by column chromatography and repeated thin layer chromatography. It was identified by thin layer chromatography, by analysis of the hydrolysis products, and by gas chromatography. Microsomal and supematant fractions of liver were active. Synthesis was stimulated by detergents such as Triton X-100, Tween 20, and bile salts. Wax formation occurred without activation,...

Thin and long silver nanowires were successfully synthesized using the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted polyol method in the presence of ionic liquids, tetrapropylammonium chloride and tetrapropylammonium bromide, which served as soft template salts. The first step involved the formation of Ag nanoparticles with a diameter of 40 to 50 nm through the reduction of silver nitrate. At the growin...

An electric field induced sphere-to-cylinder transition in thin films of asymmetric polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers was observed. In the absence of an applied electric field, thin films of the asymmetric diblock copolymer consisted of layers of spherical microdomains with poor in-plane long-range ordering. Under a ∼40V/μm applied electric field, hexagonally packed cyl...

Abstract Hair-to-hair interaction is often ignored in human hair modeling, due to its computational and algorithmic complexity. In this paper, we present our experimental approach to simulate the complex behavior of long human hair, taking into account the hair-to-hair interactions. For long hair, we propose the thin shell volume (TSV) model for enhancing hair realism by simulating complex hair...

A novel interfacial structure consisting of long (up to 5 μm), thin (about 300 nm), highly-ordered, free-standing, highly-reproducible aluminum oxide nanobottles and long tubular nanocapsules attached to a rigid, thin (less than 1 μm) nanoporous anodic alumina membrane is fabricated by simple, fast, catalyst-free, environmentally friendly voltage-pulse anodization. A growth mechanism is propose...

We examine the photo-assisted polarization loop in a BiFeO3 thin film under UV light illumination. BiFeO3 thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition method onto the BaTiO3 thin film and the polarization behavior has been measured under poling voltage. Our results show the engineered polarization due to controllable schottky barrier under inverse poling voltage. This control on schottky barri...