BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES In Odisha State, the control of malaria vectors has become dependent on synthetic pyrethroids, which are used for treatment of all approved long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The vast use of just one class of insecticide has led to the problem of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors. One of the major malaria vectors in Odisha State is Anopheles culicifacies...

Ecosystems are often exposed to mixtures of chemical contaminants, but the scientific community lacks a theoretical framework to predict the effects of mixtures on biodiversity and ecosystem properties. We conducted a freshwater mesocosm experiment to examine the effects of pairwise agrochemical mixtures [fertiliser, herbicide (atrazine), insecticide (malathion) and fungicide (chlorothalonil)] ...

A sample of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, with a high level of temephos resistance (19.58x at the 50% lethal concentration [LC50]), was subjected to temephos selection to evaluate the utility of this organophosphate insecticide for mosquito control. High resistance developed after six generations of selection (200.00x). Little or no cross-resistance was observed to the organop...

Background: Studies have shown that organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion induces oxidative stress injury and tissue damage.  Objectives: This research aimed to determine the effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Satureja avromanica (SA) on the liver function of malathion-poisoned animals. Methods: Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups of the control, SA (20 mg/kg), mala...

Malathion-specific resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is widespread and stable in natural populations even in the absence of pesticide exposure. To understand this stability, both resistant and susceptible males were placed in competition for susceptible female fertilization. Females were then isolated and their progeny was tested for malathion susceptibility. Male reprodu...

Natural plant extracts often contain compounds that are useful in pest management applications. The essential oil of Eupatorium capillifolium (dog-fennel) was investigated for antifungal and insecticidal activities. Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components were deter...

Laboratory-bred females of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the insectarium, Unit of Medical Entomology, Institute for Medical Research were used in the experiment. The late third stage of the F0 larvae which survived the high selection pressure of malathion, permethrin and temephos were reared and colonies were established from adults that emerged. Cx. quinquefas...

Background Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is an important vector for many human diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility level of larval and adult stages of Cu. quinquefasciatus to different groups of WHO recommended insecticides for vector control. Methods Larval stages of the Culex mosquitoes were collected from their natural habitats in Rafsanjan Coun...

Control of Chagas’ disease vectors in Central and South America has relied principally on repeated spraying of infested houses with benzene hexachloride (BHC) or dieldrin. Nevertheless, the continued use of these chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides is currently under review. In Venezuela, strains of Rhodnius prolixus resistant to dieldrin and crossresistant to BHC have already emerged (1, Z), ...

Malathion in mixture with acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides synergizes the control of weed species that have evolved metabolism-based resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. However, the effect of malathion-based herbicide programs on conventional and imidazolinone-resistant (Clearfield) rice systems still need to be evaluated. Studies were conducted to determine the tolerance ...