Background and Aims: The caspases are unique proteases that mediate the host cell apoptosis during viral infection. In this study, we identified the caspase cleavage motifs of H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses isolated during 1998-2012. Materials and Methods: Amino acid sequences of the eleven proteins encoded by the viruses as the caspase substrates downloaded from NCBI. The caspase cleavage mot...

Ciltte tümor metastazı; primeri bilinmeyen viseral bir malignitenin ya dadaha önce tespit edilip tedavi edilmiş nüks bulgusu olarak görülebilir. Erkeklerde meme kanseri ve kanserinin cilt metastazı çok nadir görülmektedir. Erkekte tüm kanserlerinin %0.6'sını oluşturur. Erkek maligniteleri içerisinde %1'den daha az kısmını temsil eder. kanserine sık rastlanılmadığı için kolayca atlanabilir çoğu ...

background and aims: the contribution genetic and antigenic diversity of h9n2 influenza viruses in evading from immune responses, cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) epitopes in hemagglutinin (ha) protein restricted by hla binding peptides was identified. materials and methods: phylogenetic analyses were carried out for all of full length ha and deduced amino acid sequences of h9n2 viruses available ...

This article explores the interface between evolutionary thought, cognitive science, and music theory. It focuses on how patterns hypothesized to function as memes in music are encoded neurobiologically, using ideas developed by the American theoretical neurophysiologist William Calvin. After recapitulating the precepts and predictions of Universal Darwinism and meme theory as to what might con...

This paper examines the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) Marriage Equality logo as an example of a meme to further understandings of memetic transmission in social media technologies. The HRC meme is an important example of how even seemingly insignificant moves such as adopting a logo and displaying it online can serve to combat microaggressions, or the damaging results of everyday bias and discrim...

The imprint of natural selection on protein coding genes is often difficult to identify because selection is frequently transient or episodic, i.e. it affects only a subset of lineages. Existing computational techniques, which are designed to identify sites subject to pervasive selection, may fail to recognize sites where selection is episodic: a large proportion of positively selected sites. W...

Sixteen avian influenza (AI) H9N2 viruses were isolated from disease outbreaks in different parts of Iranduring (1998–2001). These AI isolates were used for pathogenicity, haemagglutinin (HA) gene variation andphylogenetic analysis. Results in both pathogenicity tests and HA gene cleavage site sequence detectionrepresented a non-highly pathogenic feature for all Iranian AI isolates studied. The...

Background and Aims: The contribution genetic and antigenic diversity of H9N2 influenza viruses in evading from immune responses, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes in hemagglutinin (HA) protein restricted by HLA binding peptides was identified. Materials and Methods: Phylogenetic analyses were carried out for all of full length HA and deduced amino acid sequences of H9N2 viruses available ...