In order to determine the relationship between diary and questionnaire on measuring listeningstrategies, 25 students were selected. All the subjects who were the researchers’ ownstudents, study English as a second language. They wrote diaries about their use of listening.Strategies within 8 weeks. They also took the listening strategy questionnaire at the end of theterm. The students’ questionn...

There is general agreement that knowledge plays a key role in intelligent behavior, but most work on this topic has emphasized domain-specific expertise. We argue, in contrast, that cognitive systems also benefit from meta-level knowledge that has a domain-independent character. In this paper, we propose a representational framework that distinguishes between these two forms of content, along w...

There is general agreement that knowledge plays a key role in intelligent behavior, but most work on this topic has emphasized domain-specific expertise. We argue, in contrast, that cognitive systems also benefit from meta-level knowledge that has a domain-independent character. In this paper, we propose a representational framework that distinguishes between these two forms of content, along w...

OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether cognitive reactivity, cognitive extremity reactivity, and mood reactivity following mood provocation predicted relapse in depression over 5.5 years. Additionally, this study was the 1st to examine whether changes in cognitive reactivity and mood reactivity following preventive cognitive therapy (PCT) mediated the preventive effect of PCT on relapse. ...

The present study examined to examine whether improvement of insomnia is mediated by a reduction in sleep-related dysfunctional beliefs through cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. In total, 64 patients with chronic insomnia received cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia consisting of 6 biweekly individual treatment sessions of 50 minutes in length. Participants were asked to complete...

worry is considered as one of the shared cognitive components in generalized anxiety disorder (gad) and obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd). the study of cognitive factors influencing worry simultaneously has important implications for psychopathology. these factors have been discussed separately in different theoretical models. the aim of the present study was to investigate the simple and mul...