Bi-layered [1] tablet refers to tablet which contain subunits. In bi-layer [2] tablets, one layer tablet provides immediate release and the other layer acts as sustained release. Sumatriptan is a new class of anti-migraine [3] drugs that selectively activate 5-HT1B/1D receptors and are called triptans. Our objective is to formulate and evaluate the bi-layer tablets of sumatriptan succinate of d...

PURPOSE To evaluate changes in clinical outcomes, inflammatory cytokine levels, and tear osmolarity in the tears of patients with moderate to severe dry eye syndrome before and after the application of topical 1% methylprednisolone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with moderate to severe dry eye unresponsive to previous aqueous enhancement therapy were enrolled. Five patients were l...

PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of topical interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the treatment of dry eye disease. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. METHODS Dry eye disease was induced in C57BL/6 female mice through exposure to a desiccating environment within a controlled environment chamber. Topical formulations containing 5% IL-1Ra, 1% methylprednisolone, 0.05% cyclos...

Neurons contain a high-affinity Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter for absorption of neurotransmitter precursor substrates, such as alpha-ketoglutarate and malate, which are subsequently metabolized to replenish pools of neurotransmitters, including glutamate. We have isolated the cDNA coding for a high-affinity Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter from mouse brain, called mNaDC-3. The mRNA coding ...

The effect of acute and chronic administration of methylprednisolone on renal function was studied in rats with clearance and micropuncture techniques. Although acute administration did not influence renal function, chronic administration for 4 days caused a marked increase in glomerular filtration rate and PAH clearance. The rise in the reabsurption of sodium under these conditions was associa...

When Rhodobacter sphaeroides was resuspended in sodium phosphate buffer directly after growth on complete medium there was an almost complete loss of motility. The addition of 1 mM sodium phosphate to R. sphaeroides suspended in Hepes buffer also caused an immediate reduction in the mean swimming speed of 35%; an effect that was maintained for more than 60 rain. This loss of motility was preven...

The sodium-coupled transport of citric acid cycle intermediates in the intestine and kidney is mediated by the Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter, NaDC1. In the kidney, NaDC1 plays an important role in regulating succinate and citrate concentrations in the urine, which may have physiological consequences including the development of kidney stones. In the present study, the impact of nonsynonymou...