There is growing recognition that the gut microbial community regulates a wide variety of important functions in its animal hosts, including host health. However, the complex interactions between gut microbes and environment are still unclear. Honey bees are ecologically and economically important pollinators that host a core gut microbial community that is thought to be constant across populat...

biological control plays a very important role in pest management. bacillus thuringiensis ber. has been widely used as a biological control agent in over 60% of microbial-based pesticides and moreover, its gene inducing pest resistance has been used in the production of a large number of transgenic plants (bt-crops). the successful performance of some of these bt-based bio-pesticides depends on...

Botanical pesticides have been used for the control of agricultural pests since antiquity, especially in biodiversity-rich countries. However, so far very limited products based on botanicals are commercially available due to lack practical evidence, availability raw materials at affordable prices, chemical standardization, molecular mechanism action, and strict legislation. The recent reports ...

Wetland treatment systems are used extensively across the world to mitigate surface runoff. While wetland for nitrogen mitigation has been comprehensively reviewed, implications of common-use pesticides and antibiotics on reduction remain relatively unreviewed. Therefore, this review seeks assess removal commonly their in receiving non-point source runoff from urban agricultural landscapes. A t...

Pesticide biodegradation is a soil microbial function of critical importance for modern agriculture and its environmental impact. While it was once assumed that this activity was homogeneously distributed at the field scale, mounting evidence indicates that this is rarely the case. Here, we critically examine the literature on spatial variability of pesticide biodegradation in agricultural soil...

Biogeochemical processes controlling nitrate attenuation in aquifers are critically reviewed. An understanding of the fate of nitrate in groundwater is vital for managing risks associated with nitrate pollution, and to safeguard groundwater supplies and groundwater-dependent surface waters. Denitrification is focused upon as the dominant nitrate attenuation process in groundwater. As denitrifyi...

This study investigates the effects of chlorothalonil (CLT) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCW) planted with Phragmites australis. Physicochemical parameters of influent and effluent water samples, microbial population counting methods and statistical analysis were used to evaluate the influen...

The microorganisms are in the different of habitants, they are also on the surface of seeds of cultivated plants. Quantitive and generic composition of saprophagan air-plant microflora is very diversified and still it is not well known. Microbial populations of seeds depend on numerous factors. Chemical constitution of seeds and different abiotic environment factors have the significant influen...

Pathogenic fungi and bacteria often damage their host (plants) tissues by producing toxic metabolites, which induced various symptoms such as necrosis, chlorosis, wilting, water soaking and eventually the death of plants. These toxic metabolites also known is one of the weapons used by pathogen inducing disease condition in susceptible host plants. Many pathogens are known to produce toxins bot...