Objective: Ferula assa-foetida, a native species in Iran, is used for treatment of several diseases particularly for neurological disorders in Iranian Traditional Medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanolic roots, fruits, and aerial parts extracts of Ferula assa-foetida on withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent mice. Materials and Methods: Aerial parts, roots, ...

Introduction: Methadone has been used as a drug to detoxify opioid tolerance. Naloxane precipitated morphine withdrawal behaviours were attenuated by venlafaxine as an antidepressant. On the contrary, after detoxifying the opioids, spontaneous withdrawal syndrome may occur with pain sensitivity. Therefore the present study aimed to examine the effects of chronic methadone (70 mg/kg, in dr...

Morphine withdrawal usually results in unsuccessful outcomes. Despite partial benefits from alternative substances such as methadone, its use may not lead to the desired result due to the lack of mental tranquility during the withdrawal period. In this study, by means of an animal model, morphine itself was used to manage morphine dependence. Forty mice were divided into 5 groups, in which 4 gr...

The present study focused on the effects of 1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane (memantine), a clinically used, low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate channel blocker, on the motivational impact of morphine and morphine withdrawal syndrome. Memantine (7.5 mg/kg) inhibited the acquisition as well as the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference. However, memantine did not affect signific...

Background Previous studies suggested that opiate withdrawal may increase anxiety and disrupt brain-derived neurotrophic factor function, but the effects of i.v. morphine self-administration on these measures remain unclear. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with a catheter in the jugular vein. After 1 week of recovery, the animals were allowed to self-administer either i....

OBJECTIVE Ferula assa-foetida, a native species in Iran, is used for treatment of several diseases particularly for neurological disorders in Iranian Traditional Medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanolic roots, fruits, and aerial parts extracts of Ferula assa-foetida on withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aerial parts, roots, ...

Pavlovian conditioning theories of drug dependence argue that drugor withdrawal-associated cues elicit motivational conditioned responses that enhance the likelihood or intensity of drugtaking behavior. The present experiment assessed whether drug-associated cues can elicit a con· ditioned withdrawal reaction in rats. In support of previous research, we found clear evidence for conditioned with...

Introduction: Morphine withdrawal syndrome is mediated via several central and peripheral neurological pathways. In the present study we investigated the role of N-methyl-D aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor on naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome in morphine-conditioned mice. Materials and Methods: We designed two separate experiments. In experiment one, 30 male NMRI mice were divide...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) inhibitor (KN-93) injection into the locus coeruleus (LC) on the modulation of withdrawal signs. We also sought to study the effect of chronic morphine administration on CaMKIIα activity in the rat LC. Methods: The research was based on behavioral and molecular studies. In the behav...

We previously reported that beta-adrenergic receptors are increased in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in rats treated chronically with morphine and subsequently down-regulated after morphine withdrawal [22,23]. The changes in receptor density in hippocampus were accompanied by a corresponding super- and subsensitivity, respectively, in beta-adrenergic responsiveness, as assessed electrophysiol...