previous studies have shown that morphine addiction is caused by abnormality in neurotransmission system.serotonin is one of the most important neurotransmiters involved in addiction.the dorsal and median raphe nuclei are the important sites that synthesize and release this neurotransmiters in this study we have injected 5,7  dihyroxytryptamine a serotonergic neurotoxin into the dorsal and medi...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure during morphine treatment on dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) density in the rat dorsal hippocampus following withdrawal. Rats were exposed to ELF-EMF (20 Hz, 14 mT) or sham exposed for 1h per day before injection of morphine (10mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 12 days. The saline contro...

Background and Objective: Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) has a long history in the field of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, particularly addiction. Different therapeutic methods have been recommended in this respect. One of these methods is the replacement of natural narcotics instead of opium. Hab-o Shefa is a natural product of TIM which has been used as an alternative for op...

Transcutaneous electrostimulation is a somewhat controversial technique used in the management of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. We report an animal study of a particular transcutaneous electrostimulation called transcutaneous cranial electrostimulation, based on a technique used for many years on heroin addicts for the rapid severance of their addiction, which has been validated in a clinical...

همدقم : ي رييغت يديئوريت ياهنومروه نازيم نيفرم هب هتسباو دارفا رد هتفا تـسا هدـش شرازـگ ديئوريت و زيفوپيه سوملااتوپيه روحم تيلاعف صوصخ رد يتوافتم جياتن و . رد غت هعلاطم نيا يي لاعف تار ي ت هدغ ت ي ئور ي ول نمزم و داح زيوجت اب د تفرگ رارق يسررب دروم نيفرم عطق مئلاع رب نيسكوريتو . شور اه : 42 رد غلاب رن يهاگشيامزآ ديفس شوم 6 دش هدافتسا هورگ . نيسكوريتوول هدننك تفايرد ياههورگ يقافص لخاد mg/...

introduction: nowadays opioids are gaining acceptance for the management of moderate to severe and chronic pain. in addition, a number of studies have shown that plasma levels of β-endorphin (βep) in exercise trained are higher than sedentary rats. in our study we assume that exercise training can reduce pain after withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. methods: male wistar rats (250±2...

The present study was designed to explore the relationship between the cannabinoid and opioid receptors in animal models of opioid-induced reinforcement. The acute administration of SR141716A, a selective central cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, blocked heroin self-administration in rats, as well as morphine-induced place preference and morphine self-administration in mice. Morphine-depende...

Introduction: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is highly expressed in the hippocampus, which has a pivotal role in reward-related memories and morphine dependence. Methods: In the present study, morphine tolerance was induced in male Wistar rats by 7 days repeated morphine injections once daily, and then gene expression profile of α-isoform of CaMKII (CaMKIIα) in the hipp...

There is growing evidence indicating that neuronal calcium channels play an important role in the mechanism of morphine dependence. In this study, the effects of acute and chronic administration of nitrendipine on naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal signs were investigated. Mice were rendered dependent to morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. In chronic s...