This article investigates the evolution of autonomous agents that perform a memory-dependent counting task. Two types of neurocontrollers are evolved: networks of McCulloch-Pitts neurons, and spiking integrate-and-fire networks. The results demonstrate the superiority of the spiky model in evolutionary success and network simplicity. The combination of spiking dynamics with incremental evolutio...

A new family of modal logics with an associative binary modality, called counting logics is proposed. These propositional logics allow to express finite cardinalities of sets and more generally to count the number of subsets satisfying some properties. We show that these logics can be seen both as specializations of the Boolean logic of bunched implications and as generalizations of the proposi...

Pseudo-random single photon counting (PRSPC) is a new time-resolved optical measurement method which combines the spread spectrum time-resolved method with single photon counting. A pseudo-random bit sequence is used to modulate a continuous wave laser diode, while single photon counting is used to build up the optical signal in response to the modulated excitation. Periodic cross-correlation i...

This paper is a study of weighted counting of the solutions of acyclic conjunctive queries (ACQ). The unweighted quantifier free version of this problem is known to be tractable (for combined complexity), but it is also known that introducing even a single quantified variable makes it #P-hard. We first show that weighted counting for quantifier-free ACQ is still tractable and that even minimali...

the diagnostic value of three fetal movements counting in one hour by mother in the diagnosis of decreased fetal movements kamalifard m[1], ghojazadeh m[2], abbasalizadeh sh[3], ghatrehsamani f[4], rabiei l[5]* received: 1 jun, 2012 accepted: 25 aug, 2012abstractbackground & aims: fetal movement counting is a method that used by the mother to quantify her baby's movements. since 1970s a va...

Given integers a i > . . . > a, 2 0 the corresponding Young tableau is that part of an a, x n matrix consisting of all (i,j) entries with n >j > 1, aj > i > 1. The problem which we discuss here is: In how many ways can the integers l,..., Cy ai be placed into the entries of the a, ,..., a, Young tableau so that any row and any column forms an increasing sequence? We call this number F(ai ,..., ...

The ability to count bacteria associated with reef-building corals in a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective manner has been hindered by the viscous and highly autofluorescent nature of the coral mucus layer (CML) in which they live. We present a new method that disperses bacterial cells by trypsinization prior to 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and quantification by epifluorescenc...