Due to the fact that many application processes take place at different temperature, better examining and understanding of swelling properties as a function of temperature is essential for such application. The temperature effect on the swelling properties of commercial polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel beads was investigated as a function of time and temperature. Gel bead size, swelling equilibr...

Due to the fact that many application processes take place at different temperature, better examining and understanding of swelling properties as a function of temperature is essential for such application. The temperature effect on the swelling properties of commercial polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel beads was investigated as a function of time and temperature. Gel bead size, swelling equilibr...

Constrained optimization problems have a wide range of applications in science, economics, and engineering. In this paper, a neural network model is proposed to solve a class of nonsmooth constrained optimization problems with a nonsmooth convex objective function subject to nonlinear inequality and affine equality constraints. It is a one-layer non-penalty recurrent neural network based on the...

We treat the non-equilibrium evolution of an open one-particle statistical system, subject to a potential and to an external “heat bath” (hb) with negligible dissipation. For the classical equilibrium Boltzmann distribution, Wc,eq, a non-equilibrium three-term hierarchy for moments fulfills Hermiticity, which allows one to justify an approximate long-time thermalization. That gives partial dyna...

In part I of these lecture notes, I introduce the basic tools of non equilibrium statistical mechanics: linear response, Brownian motion, Langevin equation, (Pauli) master equation. Part II is devoted to a derivation of quantum master equations from the Schrödinger equation, and to some of their applications to quantum optics and to Brownian motion. Finally, in part III, I examine more recent d...

Supramolecular polymerization has been traditionally focused on the thermodynamic equilibrium state, where one-dimensional assemblies reside at the global minimum of the Gibbs free energy. The pathway and rate to reach the equilibrium state are irrelevant, and the resulting assemblies remain unchanged over time. In the past decade, the focus has shifted to kinetically trapped (non-dissipative n...

Suppose we flow through an adsorption or chromatograph column so fast that the adsorption is not at equilibrium at a given point in the column. This departure from equilibrium could be either due to diffusion resistance within the porous particles of the column or due to kinetic limitation of the adsorption process. Alternatively, you may wish to separate different size macromolecules by the di...

The coexistence of several schools in non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a reality.At the beginning of the 21st century, the thermodynamics of systems far from. However, it turns out that many nonequilibrium phenomena can be described.An alternate evolutionary hypothesis is discussed: non-equilibrium. Literature on non-equilibrium thermodynamics and its relationship to evolutionary.The online ve...

• New method to calculate transition time in the two-state model. Coupling potential shows dual nature, opaque and transparent. Explicit dependency of on second state’s Greens function. The coupling strength incident energy. We propose a simple scattering problem, where two constant potentials are coupled by delta function V 12 = 21 k 0 ? ( x ) . exact analytical expression for ? is derived. no...