The high prevalence of smoking among women in their reproductive years continues to be a matter of concern. The negative effects of smoking on general health are well known, but smoking may also affect fertility. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine whether there is an association between smoking and risk of infertility in women of...

BACKGROUND Smoking is disproportionately prevalent among people with psychiatric illness. AIMS To investigate smoking as a risk factor for major depressive disorder. METHOD A population-based sample of women was studied using case-control and retrospective cohort study designs. Exposure to smoking was self-reported, and major depressive disorder diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Inter...

BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is common among women of fertile age, and it often requires maintenance medical treatment. Adherence to medical treatment among women with CD prior to, during, and after pregnancy has, however, never been examined. Although CD women have increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, little is known about predictors for these outcomes in women with CD. In addition...

OBJECTIVE The study was done to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of women within the child bearing age with regard to smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children's health. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative components was designed to collect data from women in the child-bearing age. The sample comprised of persons ...

Data from a hospital based case-control study of lung cancer in Western Europe were used to examine changes in the risk of developing lung cancer after changes in habits of cigarette smoking. Only data for subjects who had smoked regularly at some time in their lives were included. The large size of the study population (7181 patients and 11 006 controls) permitted precise estimates of the effe...

BACKGROUND Active smoking and exposure to passive smoke are responsible for numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes for women and their infants. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions, attitudes, patterns of personal tobacco use and exposure to environmental smoke among a sample of pregnant women in Greece. METHOD A cross sectional survey was undertaken of 300 women identified from ...

AIMS To evaluate the contribution of tobacco smoking to dioxin accumulation. METHODS Dioxin (17 PCDD/F) concentrations in fasting blood from 251 subjects (161 never smokers, 54 past smokers, and 36 current smokers) were quantified. RESULTS Whereas serum dioxin concentrations of male smokers were on average 40% higher than those of non-smokers, in women, smoking was associated with significa...

To assess smoking-related and other risk factors for high-grade cervical dysplasia in southwestern Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women in New Mexico, we conducted a clinic-based case-control study among attendees at university-affiliated gynecology clinics. We collected data on cigarette use, sexual behavior, past and current sexually transmitted diseases, hygienic practices, contraception, a...

OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of tobacco smoking in an urban East African population while using a simple validation procedure to examine the degree of under reporting in men and women. DESIGN A cross sectional population based study in adults (15 years and over) with sampling from a well maintained census register. SETTING Ilala Ilala, a middle income district of Dar es Salaam, Tan...