Four epidemiological studies have shown a negative association between prenatal acrylamide exposure and birth size. In order to shed light on the possible underlying mechanism(s), we analysed associations biomarkers related fetal growth. newborns of ENVIRONAGE cohort (n ranges from 215 434), investigated (acrylamide glycidamide hemoglobin adduct levels in cord blood) thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, ...

Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olives, displays pleiotropic beneficial dynamic in health and disease; the effects are based mainly on its antioxidant hypolipidemic properties, capacity to protect myocardium during ischemia. Furthermore, OLE activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) neurons astrocytes, providing neuroprotection against noxious biological reactions tha...

During development many of neurons die by the phenomenon named programmed cell death or apoptosis and this reaction is regulated by neurotrophin (BDNF, NGF, NT3 and NT4/5). These neurotrophins bind to two different classes of transmembrane receptor proteins, the Trks and P75 NTR. Axotomy can induce apoptosis after birth and deprenyl is a an inhibitor of monoamineoxidase type-B and seems to act ...

Neurotrophic factors (NTs) are secreted proteins that regulate survival and differentiation of nerve cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF), the first discovered NT, together with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3 ) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), form the classical family of NTs. However, many other growth factors, which are effective also outside the nervous system, such ...

Differentiation of pluripotent neural stem cells engrafted into the adult normal and injured spinal cord is restricted to the glial lineage, suggesting that in vitro induction toward a neuronal lineage prior to transplantation and/or modification of the host environment may be necessary to initiate and increase the differentiation of neurons. In the present study, we investigated the differenti...

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of the bone. Although new therapies continue to be reported, osteosarcoma-related morbidity and mortality remain high. Modern medicine has greatly increased knowledge of the physiopathology of this neoplasm. Novel targets for drug development may be identified through an understanding of the normal molecular processes that are deeply modi...

This study demonstrates that innervation dependent on two different neurotrophin tyrosine kinase (trk) receptors can form the same types of sensory endings (Merkel endings) in the same target (Merkel cells of vibrissa follicles). Some endings transiently express trkA during their initial development, whereas others express trkC throughout their development. Consequently, elimination of kinase d...