Rho kinases (ROCKs) have a crucial role in actin-cytoskeletal reorganization and thus are involved in broad aspects of cell motility, from smooth muscle contraction to neurite outgrowth. The first marketed ROCK inhibitor, called fasudil, has been used safely for treatment of cerebral vasospasm since 1995 in Japan. During the succeeding decades ROCK inhibitors have been applied in many pathologi...

MALNUTRITION as a cause of blindness has been and still is, much underestimated. In many countries it is the chief cause of blindness in young children. The onset is insidious and difficult to diagnose and the later stages proceed rapidly to irreversible damage. Opthalmologists have tended not to be particularly interested in conditions that do not make demands on their diagnostic or surgical s...

ALL the chronic granulomatous infections may occasionally give rise to ocular disease, and tuberculosis and syphilis are the best known in Great Britain. Brucellosis is an infection which should, at least in its chronic forms, be regarded as an important member of this group, and ought to be remembered as a possibility when the cause of certain eye diseases is being investigated. Standard text-...

This work outlines the development of a classifier for extra ocular conditions that uses natural, noisy images of faces taken with point-and-shoot cameras. The entire dataset consists of about 7,244 labeled images of patients from Drashti Netralaya Eye Hospital in Gujarat, India. Five diseases were selected for classification: Goonderson Flap, Dermoid Cyst, Strabismus, Ptosis, and Ocular Surfac...

This study was designed to evaluate efficacy of a natural eye drop made of Plantago ovata mucilage versus placebo to improve dry eye symptoms. In a Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial, sixty dry eye patients with ocular symptom and total OSDI score≥12 were randomly assigned to receive either a natural ophthalmic drop, made of Plantago ovata mucilage or placebo 4 times a...

Ocular disease in Behçet's disease is frequent and may be associated with a poor functional prognosis. Uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation in Behçet's disease and represents a diagnostic criterion of the disease. The ocular involvement is inaugural of the disease in 20% of the cases or may develop 2 to 3 years after the beginning of the extraocular signs. The risk of blindness at 5 ...

Small animal patients with endocrinopathies are at risk of developing many ophthalmic conditions resulting from endocrine hormone imbalances. Diabetic animals frequently develop cataracts but can also have numerous other ocular problems, including uveitis, keratopathy, retinopathy, and the effects of lipid derangements and systemic hypertension. Cushing's patients can develop complications from...

Q. What conditions comprise ocular thrombosis? CJG Ocular thrombosis includes central and branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), amaurosis fugax (AF), and non-­arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), all of which are closely related to coagulation abnormalities. In the United States, branch and central retinal rein occlusions are the second most comm...

Behçet's disease is a chronic systemic disorder characterized by recurrent uveitis, aphthous lesions of the mouth, and ulcerations of the genitalia. Vision loss from ocular involvement is frequently the presenting symptom and optometrists should be aware of the various ocular signs of Behçet's disease. Management of the Behçet's patient involves systemic therapy and therefore requires comanagem...

Cogan's syndrome is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin, an autoimmune disease, characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular symptoms, inflammatory ocular manifestations with variable risk of developing into a systemic disease. The onset of disease is variable but is often characterized by isolated ocular symptoms or acute ear and/or vestibular manif...