Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) form Ca2+-permeable plasma membrane pores, leading to a disruption of the otherwise well-controlled intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. The resultant up-regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration has detrimental implications for memory formation and cell survival. The gating kinetics and Ca2+ permeability of Aβ pores...

In earlier work, Hill and Chance obtained exact steady-state kinetic properties for partial models of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with two isopotential pools and one four-state "site enzyme" between the two pools. That work is extended here to full models of the respiratory chain with four isopotential pools and three four-state site enzymes between pairs of pools. Because of the comple...

T HE KINETIC CHAIN OF THE BODY The concept of the Kinetic Chain has been referred to by mechanical engineers as a link system. This link system has been described . as a series of overlapping. rigid segments which are connected by pin joints. If both ends of this system are fIxed to an immovable frame. translations at both the proximal and/or distal ends are impossible. Movement of one joint in...

Osteoarthritis of the knee major cause of pain and disability. There is no specific treatment to modify the disease. There are various etiological factors for Osteoarthritis Knee of which highlighted factor biomechanical alteration and quadriceps weakness, the advancement treatment of Osteoarthritis Knee treatment shows biomechanical alteration can reduce the severity. Here the biomechanical fa...