Aid co-ordination is a constant theme of discussion among national and international aid agencies in their search for more effectiveness and efficiency in delivering development assistance. This paper seeks to clarify some of the arguments currently made in support of aid co-ordination, and to precise unavoidable trade-offs born of the existence of political costs. It is anchored in the availab...

We investigate how boundaries in knowledge control, sharing and co-ordination influence UK and German manufacturing firms’ innovation activity. Issues of knowledge control related to plant ownership are generally found to be unimportant for innovation, but knowledge sharing between plants affects innovation in UK plants with no in-house R&D capability. More important is that knowledge co-ordina...

Operational design co-ordination has been identified as the basis for an approach to engineering design management that is more comprehensive than those that currently exist. As such, an integrated and holistic approach to operational design co-ordination has been developed that enables design to be managed in a coherent, appropriate and timely manner. Furthermore, the approach has been impleme...

We report canonical and grand-canonical lattice Monte Carlo simulations of the self-assembly of addressable structures comprising hundreds of distinct component types. The nucleation behaviour, in the form of free-energy barriers to nucleation, changes significantly as the co-ordination number of the building blocks is changed from 4 to 8 to 12. Unlike tetrahedral structures - which roughly cor...

The “Dual Ordination” (erbuseng jie ????) is a Vinaya-based ordination procedure introduced to China from ?r? La?k? in the fifth century; late imperial period it came be included main system. It stipulates that full for nuns carried out first front of an assembly bhik?u??s and then another bhik?us. However, contrary this stipulation, ordinations have mainly been conferred women by bhik?us alone...

The arylxenonium cation in the salt [C6F5X e]+ [AsF6]" is isoelectronic to C6F5I, but coordinatively unsaturated with respect to N-bases like MeCN and pyridines. Co-ordination of strongly basic pyridines causes weakening of the Xe-C bond and C6F5 radical formation. The thermal decomposition of pyridine co-ordinated arylxenonium cations gives three groups of products: C-pentafluorophenylated pyr...

Transfer of chirality during the build-up of molecules has been applied innumerable times in organic chemistry since the end of the 19th century, when it was introduced in the so-called asymmetric synthesis by E. Fischer. Although analogous reactions were introduced in co-ordination chemistry in its early development, diastereoselective reactions have not been applied in a very systematic way f...

Eye-head co-ordination of patients with Parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia was investigated and compared with that of normal subjects. In Parkinsonian patients eye-head co-ordination was of the same pattern as normals, with an accurate and stable gaze. Reaction times for both eyes and head, however, were prolonged. It was also noted that the contribution of head movements to gaze shift was abno...