Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by cells to aid cell-cell communication and tissue homeostasis. Human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is the major component of amyloid deposits found in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). IAPP is secreted in conjunction with insulin from pancreatic β cells to regulate glucose metabolism. Here, using a combination ...

Carlsson, Per-Ola, Astrid Nordin, and Fredrik Palm. pH is decreased in transplanted rat pancreatic islets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284: E499–E504, 2003. First published November 5, 2002; 10.1152/ajpendo.00156.2002.—Recent studies of transplanted pancreatic islets have indicated incomplete revascularization. We investigated the pH, in relation to oxygen tension (PO2), in endogenous islets ...

Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is secreted by pancreatic delta-cells and inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. SRIF initiates its actions by binding to a family of six G protein-coupled receptors (sst1, -2A, -2B, -3, -4, and -5) encoded by five genes. Messenger RNA for both sst2 and sst5 have been reported in the rat pancreas, and the s...

It is the aim of this study to characterize and quantify the cells within isolated rat islets that express MHC class 11 antigens. A set of five monoelonal antibodies and two polyclonal antisera of defined specificlty were used in combination with a newly devised procedure for three·dimensional immunofluorescence evaluation of intact islets. It is shown that in addition to passen· ger cells, suc...

Inosine is a potent primary stimulus of insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. The inosine-induced insulin secretion was totally depressed during starvation, but was completely restored by the addition of 5mmi-caffeine to the medium and partially restored by the addition of 5mM-glucose. Mannoheptulose (3mg/ml) potentiated the eflect of lOmM-inosine in islets from fed mice. The mechanism ...

An intimate relationship between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years. Animal experiments have shed some light into the complex dialog between the two tissues. This interaction is pronounced in diseases of the pancreas, especially in experimentally-induced and human pancreatic cancers. New evidence highlights the importance of intact islets in t...

The diabetogenic agent alloxan exerts a preferential cytotoxic effect on the pancreatic B cell. The determinants of such a tissue specificity were investigated. Alloxan accumulated rapidly in liver and pancreatic islets but much more slowly in muscle. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and the resistance to exogenous peroxide were approximately 20 times higher in liver and kidney than in is...

Oxytocin (Oxt) is a key neuropeptide that regulates maternal behaviors as well as social behaviors in mammals. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the impairment of Oxt signaling is associated with the disturbance of metabolic homeostasis, resulting in obesity and diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism by which Oxt signaling controls metabolic responses is largely unknown. Here, w...

objective: pancreatic islets have fewer antioxidant enzymes than other tissues and thus are vulnerable to oxidative stress. in the present study, the effects of nine specifically selected iranian medical plants on the mitochondria function and survival of isolated rat islets were examined. materials and methods: in this experimental study, following laparotomy, pancreases of rats were removed a...