Parasitic twins, a specific type of conjoined twins [6], occur when one twin ceases development during gestation [7] and becomes vestigial to the fully formed dominant twin, called the autositic twin. The underdeveloped twin is called parasitic because it is only partially formed, is not functional, or is wholly dependent on the autositic twin. In most cases, the phenotype of parasitic twins is...

BACKGROUND Glycosomes are a specialized form of peroxisomes (microbodies) present in unicellular eukaryotes that belong to the Kinetoplastea order, such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania species, parasitic protists causing severe diseases of livestock and humans in subtropical and tropical countries. The organelles harbour most enzymes of the glycolytic pathway that is responsible for substrate-lev...

Chip-scale optical microresonators with integrated planar optical waveguides are useful building blocks for linear, nonlinear, and quantum-optical photonic devices alike. Loss reduction through improving fabrication processes results in several integrated microresonator platforms attaining quality (Q) factors of several millions. Beyond the improvement of the quality factor, the ability to oper...

Parasitic infections adversely affect animal's health and threaten profitable animal production, thus affecting the economy of our country. These infections also play a major role in the spread of zoonotic diseases. Parasitic infections cause severe morbidity and mortality in animals especially those affecting the gastrointestinal system and thus affect the economy of livestock owner by decreas...

The operation principles of gate-driven design and substratetriggered design for ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge) protection are first explained by energy-band diagrams in this paper. The onchip ESD protection devices realized in 0.18-μm and 0.35-μm CMOS processes are used to verify the efficiency of gate-driven or substrate-triggered designs. The substrate-triggered design can effectively and con...