Renal hyperparathyroidism usually occurs in chronic renal failure patients on regular dialysis. However, renal hyperparathyroidism resulting from intrathyroidal parathyroid glands is an uncommon condition. We herein present the case of a 35-year-old woman who has been on hemodialysis for 20 years. She had renal hyperparathyroidism with generalized weakness and bone pain for 2 years. The patient...

A.A. Khan and O.H. Clark (eds.), Handbook of Parathyroid Diseases: A Case-Based Practical Guide, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2164-1_2, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

PURPOSE Despite recommendations for 99mTc-tetrofosmin dual tracer imaging for hyperparathyroidism in current guidelines, no report was published on dual-isotope 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 123I sodium iodide single-photon-emission-computed-tomography (SPECT). We evaluated diagnostic accuracy and the impact of preoperative SPECT on the surgical procedures and disease outcomes. METHODS Analysis of 70...

UNLABELLED As SPECT/CT technology evolves, its applications and indications need to be evaluated clinically for more efficient and cost-effective use. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical value of simultaneously acquired (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT versus conventional SPECT in diagnosing and locating parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. M...

Background and Objective: Accurate intraoperative identification viability assessment of the parathyroid glands (PGs) has always been a crucial but challenging aspect thyroid surgery. The traditional method, naked-eye (NE) assessment, is significantly associated with experience surgeon. Therefore, various methods have developed to help surgeons protect PGs, some benefits limitations. Recently, ...

  Introduction: Radio-guided parathyroid surgery along with other minimally invasive surgeries constitutes the main surgical treatment procedures for different kinds of hyperparathyroidism.  In this article we have reported our experience of radio-guided parathyroid surgery using Tc-99m sestamibi. Methods: Ten patients with hyperparathyroidism included in our study. ...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-lymphocyte neoplasm of terminally differentiated plasma cells. Imaging modalities which allow the recognition of the effects of myeloma cells on the skeletal system have been utilized for a long time. Herein, we represent a patient with generalized osteoporosis and hypercalcemia, who was referred for parathyroid scan, in whom the widespread bone marrow techne...

In patients with renal failure, hypocalcemia leads to multiglandular parathyroid growth and parathyroid hypersecretion. Parathyroidectomy has been shown to decrease cardiovascular events and mortality in these patients. One of the challenges of surgery for secondary hyperparathyroidism is the high reported incidence of supernumerary and ectopic glands. This in conjuction with reported low sensi...

BACKGROUND Atypical carcinoid arising from the mediastinal tissue is a rare neuroendocrine tumor and an association with parathyroid adenoma is very unusual. We report an unusual case of atypical carcinoid of mediastinum with metastasis in a patient presenting with parathyroid adenoma, which is the first case to be reported from Pakistan. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old Pakistani man was seen...

Calcimimetics are effective in lowering serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in hyperparathyroidism (HPT). However, they failed to reduce PTH levels in the long term in the setting of primary malignant HPT. A haemodialysis patient suffering from severe longstanding secondary HPT underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue in her left arm. In the following ...