Responding to growing impatience with the limited application of research findings to health practices and policies, both funding bodies and communities are demanding that research show greater sensitivity to communities' perceptions, needs, and unique circumstances. One way to assure this is to employ participatory research-to engage communities at least in formulating research questions and i...

WHAT IS PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH? ...................................................................................................3 WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIVERSITY ANALYSIS TO PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH?.........................5 HOW IS PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH DIFFERENT FROM AND COMPLEMENTARY TO CONVENTIONAL RESEARCH?...............................................................................

Participatory design must be more than the formality of having users present or even engaged in “dialogue.” Participatory design is a communicative process prone to miscommunications like those in cross-cultural settings. While team members may belong to the same general culture, their varying occupational and social contexts are subcultures that bring different background assumptions, conventi...

urban large-scale projects have always been a controversial topic of debates. these projects are time- and money-consuming and the rejection or approve of their functionality is based on political intentions. in the last hundred years, each of them costed billions of dollars from private or public budgeting, used technical and human resources. these risky-complex creatures are built to fulfill ...

Introduction: Ethnobutany, as a part of every region’s national capital, contains local beliefs and knowledge about plants and their characteristics being the result of centuries of trial and error in the natural environment. Though, it is unwritten and exposed to degeneration. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to acquire and document the culture of traditional use of Zebarkhan rangeland ...

All important features, such as usability, quality, or efficiency of a product, are determined early on in the design process by the extent to which design requirements are captured and understood. Traditionally, however, those most effected by design decisions, such as users, have been left out of the design process in general and the requirement gathering in particular. Although restricted ex...