The present study aimed to determine the incidence of erm(B) and mef(A) among macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolated in children with pneumonia Nghe An province (2019-2021). A total 126 clinical pnemococcal strains from unvaccinated less than 5 years age at Obstetrics Pediatrics Hospital, Vietnam during period Nov 2019 Dec 2021. All were identified using conventional microbiological method,...

objective(s): adeno-associated virus type 2 (aav2) vectors are widely used for both experimental and clinical gene therapy. a recent research has shown that the performance of these vectors can be greatly improved by substitution of specific surface-exposed tyrosine residues with phenylalanines. in this study, a fast and simple method is presented to generate aav2 vector helper plasmids encodin...

  Egg drop syndrome (EDS) is caused by a hemagglutinating adenovirus which has become a major cause of lost egg production and sever economic losses in breeder and layer chicken flocks throughout the world. A PCR assay was optimized for detection of EDS virus in inoculated allantoic fluids (AFs) of duck and chicken emberyonated eggs. Two strains of EDS viruses were propagated in allantoic cavit...

Wound botulism is a growing problem among injecting drug users. The condition is often difficult to diagnose, with laboratory confirmation in only 50% of the cases. Here we present a real-time PCR-based method for the diagnosis of wound botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum. The assay includes an internal amplification control which is amplified simultaneously with the genes encoding neuroto...

aim : we aimed to develop a multiplex pcr assay for specific detection of epec and ehec pathotypes based on specific marker genes. background : about 2.5 million infant’s morbidity in developing countries occurs by e.coli pathotypes because of diarrhea and intestinal diseases. the traditional phenotypic methods are time consuming and sometimes detection and differentiation of the pathotypes are...

aims: it is very important to detect the coagulase-negative staphylococci, which produce the hospital infections. being one of the most expensive and time-consuming stages before the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), dna extraction is one of the primary stages of pcr. then, it should be noticed that the elimination of the stage might save time and costs. the aim of this study was to compare two ...

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of food poisoning. Since milk is a nutritious source of proteins and vitamins, it could provide the optimal conditions for the growth of several bacterial pathogens, such as S. aureus. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus classical enterotoxin genes in raw milk samples in Zanjan, Iran. Methods: In ...