It is well-known that size of the stems in Sino-Japanese (SJ), one of the lexical strata in Japanese, is severely restricted. According to the Richness of the Base hypothesis (Prince & Smolensky 1993), such size restriction phenomena must be treated not by the constraints/rules held in the input, but by interaction of a set of constraints applicable to the output. In other words, while the outp...

The goal of this paper is twofold: first it reviews the distributional properties of tense and lax vowels in a relatively standard dialect of Northern French which still contrasts vowel length, and second, on the basis of these data, it examines the interaction between markedness and faithfulness constraints in Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky 1993). The intricate interplay between vow...

seistan was one of the important ancient urban centres in south eastern persia. the ruins of the city show the prosperity and fertility of this city to the extent that a british civil officer considered it as the ancient london of asia. this article attempts to describe the enormous latent wealth of this ancient city which made it important for strategic, political and commercial reasons. due t...

BACKGROUND The cucumber, Cucumis sativus, is one of the most widely consumed fruit vegetables the world over. The history of its dispersal to the Occident from its centre of origin, the Indian subcontinent, has been incorrectly understood for some time, due to the confusion of cucumbers with vegetable melons. Iconographic and literary evidence has shown that cucumber was absent in Roman times, ...

This work was carried out during two successive seasons (2009) and (2010) to examine the response of Florida Prince peach fruits to some pre-harvest treatments i.e. chitosan at 0.5 and 1.0% and CaCl2 at 2 and 4 % as well as their combinations on some fruit quality parameters under cold storage . Fruit weight loss (%), decay (%) and T.S.S.(%) of Florida Prince peach fruits were increased in most...

Mongolian Stress, Licensing, and Factorial Typology* Rachel Walker University of California, Santa Cruz June 1997 This paper examines the analysis and typology of prominence-based stress systems, which do not call on binary rhythms but depend solely on factors such as syllable weight or sonority, peripherality, and nonfinality in locating stress (Prince 1983, 1990; Prince & Smolensky 1993). Fou...

In this paper, I argue that a nasal agreement phenomenon in Mbe (BenueCongo, Nigeria; Bamgbose 1971) is a case of reduplication in which material is copied as a nasal coda to a CV prefix with place features linked to the following onset; if place-linking fails, no copy occurs. I demonstrate that this account has important analytical implications for Mbe and more generally, for the theory of red...