Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt treatment in the emergency department to control seizures and limit potential neurologic damage. Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble prodrug of phenytoin (an established treatment option for SE) that has been developed to overcome the often severe venous adverse events that can occur following the intravenous adm...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of topical phenytoin 1 % on corneal epithelial defects healing in a rabbit model. methods: one eye of 20 albino rabbits in the animal house of al-zahra ophthalmology hospital was studied. a single corneal epithelial defect was created. the rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups (ten animals in each group). after creating a chemical burn in rabbits, one gr...

Objective: To develop and validate a stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay for the determination of phenytoin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: A HPLC instrument incorporating aZorbaxC-18 analytical column (250x4.6 mm, 5μm particles) with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile: water in the ratio 50:50 (%v/v) was employed for ...

OBJECTIVE To report a dramatic and reproducible suppressive effect of carbamazepine on circulating lymphocytes in an elderly woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CASE SUMMARY An elderly woman taking phenytoin for a stroke-associated seizure disorder had lymphocyte count of 28,800 x 10(6) cells/L. Speculating an unusual lymphadenopathic effect of the phenytoin therapy, carbamazepine therap...

PURPOSE Phenytoin is known to be able to induce cerebellar atrophy in patients with epilepsy. It is also known that a CYP2C9 mutation (*2 or *3) reduces phenytoin metabolism by 25-50% and can increase the risk of phenytoin-related side effects. We examined the influence of CYP2C9 polymorphisms on total cerebellar volume and cerebellar gray and white matter volumes in patients with epilepsy taki...

A 46 year old male patient with metastatic prostate cancer developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), initially in three well-demarcated areas on his scalp, chest and back, corresponding to ports of radiation therapy while on phenytoin. The rash spread from these locations and became more generalized and associated with pain and sloughing in the mucous lining of the mouth. There is a documented ...

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome associated with anticonvulsant drugs is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that occurs in response to arene oxide producing anticonvulsant such as phenytoin and carbamazepine. There have been many reports of cross reactivity among the anticonvulsants upon first exposure to the offending drugs. However, there has bee...

BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious neurological condition and requires prompt treatment. Sodium valproate has been used to treat SE successfully but its role as the first-line antiepileptic drug (AED) is still controversial. This study evaluated the efficacy of intravenous sodium valproate to determine if it is non-inferior to intravenous phenytoin in SE treatment. METHODS Patien...