The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new technique for row spacing measurement in a wire array using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor. The self-rectifying property of the GMR-based probes leads to accurately detection of the magnetic field fluctuations caused by surface-breaking cracks in conductive materials, shape-induced magnetic anisotropy, etc. The ability to manufacture probes h...

abstract- annual medicago species (medicago spp.) are native to the mediterranean region and widely used in fields and pastures in iran. there are several methods of sowing annual medicago species, each with different effects on the performance. however, there is currently no sufficient information about the appropriate methods for sowing medicago species. in order to evaluate methods of sowing...

management practices can affect the yield, maturity, and fiber quality of cotton. one practice used to increase yield has been to adjust the spacing between cotton rows. typically cotton is planted in row spaced 70-100 cm apart. ultra narrow row cotton production has been proposed as an economical means to increase yields and reduce production costs. a field study was conducted to assess the ef...

The present study investigated the impact of planting spacing on tomato crop growth, water productivity, and fruit quality under different regimes. Thus, a field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement treatments. plants were grown at three patterns: 30 cm row-to-row spacing, 60 90 which marked as (G1), (G2), (G3), respectively. For each pattern,...

Recent interest by producers, researchers, and industry personnel concerning the use of grain drills utilizing 7-in. versus 10-in. row spacing have raised questions as to the optimal drill-row spacing for rice. With the increase in hybrid rice produced and the associated low seeding rates, questions arose regarding the response of these cultivars to row widths. The objective of this study was t...