The effects of litter and humus layers on the occurrence of ectomycorrhizal sporocarps in 64 plots in six stands of Pinus sylcestris were studied. In 1990, litter and humus layers and herbaceous vegetation were removed ('sod-cutting') in plots in stands of Pinus sylvestris of different age. Removed litter and humus were added on to existing ectorganic layers ( 'sod-addition') in plots in young ...

a field study was carried out at the islamic azad university of arak in 2010 to find out the effects of salicylic acid and water deficit stress on oil yield and some physiological characteristics of different varieties of sunflower. the experiment was laid out in a factorial split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. treatments consisted of water stress in th...

Daytime refuges are important to nocturnal rodents for protection from predators and environmental extremes. Because refuges of forest-dwelling rodents are often associated with woody debris, we examined refuge use by 37 radio-collared Peromyscus gossypinus (cotton mice) in experimental plots with different levels of woody debris. Treatment plots had six times (≈ 60 m/ha) the volume of woody de...

Some cultivars of grapevine have very compact cluster which adversely affect its quality and marketability. ‘Yaghouti’ is a commercial early table grape cultivar that has very compact clusters. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of mechanical and chemical thinning as well as GA3 application on cluster morphology and berry size of grapevine cv. ‘Yaghouti’. Treatments were chem...

background: edible films and coatings have potential benefits for food packaging, particularly meat products. these coatings prevent weight loss and texture changes during shelf life by reducing moisture loss in fresh and frozen meat products. in this study, effect of calcium alginate edible coating on microbial and chemical properties of refrigerated lamb meat over a period of  5 days was inve...

to study the effects of zabol wastewater treated with two kinds of fertilizer (manure and chemical fertilizer) application vs use of ordinary water on grain yield and yield components in corn (kosc704) a field experiment was conducted at the university of zabol, iran during 2007 growing season. the statistical plan selected was a split plot one of three replications. the treatments were compris...

to evaluate the effects of phosphorous, iron and zinc fertilizers on quantity and quality of turnip, a field experiment was conducted in 2009. the experiment treatments arranged as split plot factorial based on a completley randomized design with 4 replications in the research farm of the university of tehran (karaj-iran). the main factor including three levels of phosphorous (super phosphate t...