in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

Today, climate change and global warming caused by the emission of greenhouse gases is a big challenge to the world, especially in arid and semi-arid area. Afforestation is the most effective strategy to absorb carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems and reduce global warming of the earth. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of planting Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Amygdalus s...

Background and objectives: One of the basic demands in rangeland studies for its proper management is to investigate and understand how the spatial distribution of vegetation and effective factors in this regard. Knowing the behavior of plant species in relation to ecological factors, especially soil factors, is an effective guide in the improvement programs and proper use of pastures. The pres...

The aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of nonexcheangable potassium release in surface and subsurface soil horizons, using organic and inorganic extractions, in Kohgilouye-va-Boyerahmad Province. Kinetics of K+ release was studied by successive extractions of K from 64 selective surface and subsurface soil samples, using 0.01 M CaCl2 and 0.01 M oxalic acid, for 1948 h, with two replic...

چکیده به منظور بررسی اثر تنوع گیاهی و نوع منبع تغذیه ای بر تنوع و تراکم علفهای هرز و حشرات، کارایی مصرف نهاده ها ( نور، آب، عناصر غذایی) و عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی چند گونه زراعی، آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1385-1384 و 1386-1385 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی دو منبع کود دامی و...