Green and Kreuter define health promotion as the use of both education and ecology to encourage and support living conditions conducive to good health. Their PRECEDE-PROCEED model delineates a practical way to cope with health problems using this definition. Applying PRECEDE to Nepal helps identify the steps needed to control the ever-increasing incidence of food-borne parasitic zoonoses (FBPZ)...

Electrospray ionization (ESI) generates intact gas-phase ions from analytes in solution for mass spectrometric investigations. ESI can proceed via different mechanisms. Low molecular weight analytes follow the ion evaporation model (IEM), whereas the charged residue model (CRM) applies to large globular species. A chain ejection model (CEM) has been proposed for disordered polymers.

Improved understanding of the mechanisms of action in dynamic cardiomyoplasty (DCMP) and continued research in the stimulation of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) contribute to the development of new stimulation strategies aimed at improving DCMP outcomes. Cautious initiation of LDM stimulation sooner after surgery than currently practiced may provide the patient earlier hemodynamic assistance...

BACKGROUND Recent government inquiries in several countries have identified the length of time it takes coroners to investigate deaths due to injury and other unnatural causes as a major problem. Delays undermine the integrity of vital statistics and adversely affect the deceased's family and others with interests in coroners' findings. Little is publicly known about the extent, nature and caus...

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in patients with CKD. Association studies suggest that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) is a harbinger of poor outcomes in these patients. Serum 25-OH-D represents the best biomarker of vitamin D status, but there is much debate surrounding the performance of some of the assay methods. Programs such as the Vitamin D Standardization Program an...

BACKGROUND Poor sleep quality (SQ) is common among patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This study attempted to determine the status of SQ following an intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in patients with poor SQ after CABG. METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial. The study sample, including 100 patients referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Cli...

The temporal dynamics and generative functions between layers of the hierarchy are implemented as neural networks with non-linear activation functions. Optimization of model parameters and causes proceed concurrently as a combination of fixed-point rules and Gauss-Newton decent. To make the optimization problem tractable, the standard mean-field and Laplace approximations are employed. The prec...