Stock price forecasting models with lower Mean Squared Error (MSE) are more “welcome" than those who have higher MSE. However, this “welcome" may disappear when lower MSE leads to an unexpected loss whereas higher MSE leads to a positive profit in a practical investment. The reason is that MSE aims to evaluate models in the view of “accuracy", which has nothing to do with profit. We therefore p...

Markup pricing contracts have been widely employed in many industries. Under such contracts, a retailer charges a retail margin over the wholesale price levied by the supplier to guarantee her financial prudence. In a setting where two competitive manufacturers sell substitutable products through a common dominant retailer, we investigate and compare performance of two different markup arrangem...

In a competitive market, customer decision is made to maximize his utility. It can be assumed that risk of losing a supply chain’s customer can be defined based on products utility from customer point of view. This paper takes account of product price and service level as competition criteria. The proposed model is based on non-cooperative game theory, for one-manufacturer and one-retailer supp...

the present study was focused on supply chain analysis of fresh guava in order to evaluate existing marketing supply chains (sc1: producer - consumer, sc2: producer - retailer - consumer, sc3: producer - commission agent - retailer - consumer, sc4: producer - commission agent - wholesaler - retailer - consumer) for two variety (allahabad safeda and apple guava) of guava. the gross marketing pri...

Purpose: This study aims to measure and compare the profit efficiency of local international commercial banks in Malaysia before during COVID-19 pandemic accordance with new Basel Committee III guidelines, which mandate adopt a systematic approach deal uncertain economic conditions, including events such as pandemic. Research methodology: uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), non-parametric met...