Background and Aim: The use of purchasing mechanisms in the field of Medical Equipment and with government law and regulation can serve as a way to move towards smart purchase and increase access to vulnerable groups in order to receive services promote justice. This study conducted to Review of purchase management of Medical Equipment in Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Mat...

Rapid growth of rural communities in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina has been giving rise to concerns over declining environmental quality and increasing need for land-use policy. This paper examines willingness to pay (WTP) for hypothetical conservation easements as an alternative land-use policy for the county. Despite the fact that Macon County has struggled to adopt...

Perceived risk is the uncertainty of customers due to unpredictability of product qualities and consequences. It is the precondition of further consumption. Based on the perceived risk theory, in this article, we measure the customer’s perceived risk of on-line group purchase; then establish fuzzy synthetic evaluation model of perceived risk; analyze customer behavior; and finally draw a conclu...

It is important to differentiate between the act of purchasing and the act of consuming. Understanding this separation provides many implications and areas for future research. For example, the separation creates buyer uncertainty about the utility from consumption. Consider buying a ticket for a concert in advance. Here, buyers maybe uncertain about their future state (e.g., health, expected c...

regard to increasing demand for organic agricultural products, awareness of costs and profitability of organic products can help to decision planners of agricultural sector, and particularly farmers. this study has tried to calculate cost and profitability of cotton product in two different conventional and organic ways (procedure) of production using 253 cross-sectional data from khorasan raza...

AIMS Here, we present results from a prospective pilot study that was aimed at surveying changes in daily cigarette consumption in smokers making their first purchase at vape shops. Modifications in products purchase were also noted. DESIGN Participants were instructed how to charge, fill, activate and use their e-cigarettes (e-cigs). Participants were encouraged to use these products in the ...

BACKGROUND Single cigarette use and its implications have rarely been studied among adults. OBJECTIVE To assess perceptions, prevalence and correlates of single cigarette purchase behaviour and its relation to harm reduction. DESIGN Focus group transcripts and cross-sectional data were analysed. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Focus groups among convenience samples of adult smokers in two Mexica...