The aggregation properties of a standard conjugated polymer, poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV), in two distinct solvents (chloroform and toluene) and a range of polymer concentrations (c = 0.1-3 mg/mL) have been unequivocally resolved using combined dynamic and static light scatterings (DLS/SLS). The prime challenges for analyzing this peculiar, practically im...

For conjugated polymer materials, there is currently a major gap in understanding between the fundamental properties observed in single molecule measurements and the bulk electronic properties extracted from measurements of highly heterogeneous thin films. New materials and methodologies are needed to follow the evolution from single chain to bulk film properties as multiple chains begin to int...

High-priced coating devices limit producing electronic and circuit applications widely in laboratories. Simply In this study spin technique was used to create surface thin films. Also with method, an OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) device practically produced. OLED includes mainly HTL(hole transfer layer), fluorescent layer(light-emitting ETL(electron layer). Light-emitting layers experiment...

A semiconductor is a type of material which has electrical properties in between an insulator and a conductor. A conductor can be thought of as a group of atoms surrounded by a sea of free electrons, which are free to move throughout the material; in contrast, the electrons in an insulator are tightly localized on a specific atom or molecule. In a semiconductor, the electrons are localized as i...

Yield loss of ratoon crops caused by the rolling damage to left stubble from mechanically harvesting main has been reported in previous studies. However, limited attention paid identify effect mechanical crop on yield a non-rolled zone (NRZ) crop. A two-year field experiment rice with two harvest methods (mechanical harvesting: MEH; manual MAH) was conducted whether there is border NRZ, and eva...

the existence of eight imitations and five translations of hosn va del into other languages such as english and german shows the importance of this persian book of verse. many researchers have sought the sources of this work and some sources have been mentioned, but the imitation of sibak neishaburi from nezami’s khosrow va shirin, as the most important source of this work, has not yet been m...