background: radiation shielding properties is an important for a material wish can be used the photon attenuation coefficients of clay produced using different rate of boron have been measured for the purpose of radioactive waste disposal. materials and methods: the measurement has been performed using gamma spectrometer contains nai (tl) detector at the photon energies of 662, 1173 and 1332 ke...

Pollutants, brought into a swimming pool by bathers, will react with chlorine to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). Some of these DBPs are found to be respiratory and ocular irritant and might be associated with asthma, or might even be carcinogenic. As DBPs in swimming pools are formed from bather-shed-pollutants, a reduction of these pollutants will lead to a reduction of DBPs. Until now, ...

W ithin a decade of the discovery of radioactivity in 1896, the chemical elements uranium, radium, polonium, and thorium were recognized as radioactive; the basic theory, mechanisms, and mathematics of radioactive decay were established; decay rates of some radioactive chemical elements were determined; and the ages of two mineral specimens were calculated for the first time from their uranium ...

Developmental toxicity caused by exposure to a mixture of environmental pollutants has become a major health concern. Human-made chemicals, including xenoestrogens, pesticides and heavy metals, as well as unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, mainly tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and medical drug abuse, are major factors that adversely influence prenatal development and increase susceptibility ...

Young stellar objects are observed to have large X-ray fluxes and thought produce commensurate luminosities in energetic particles (cosmic rays). This particle radiation, turn, can synthesize short-lived radioactive nuclei through spallation. With a focus on 26Al, this paper estimates the expected abundances of produced by spallation during epoch planet formation. In model, cosmic rays accelera...