testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

within the components of communicative competence, a special emphasis is put on the “rules of politeness,” specifically the politeness strategies (brown and levinson, 1978) that speakers deploy when performing the request speech act. this is because the degree of imposition that making a request places upon one’s interlocutor(s) has been seen to be influenced by several factors among which, as ...

to explore the idea the investingation proposed, aimed at finding whether the performances of the population of iranians students studying english in an efl context are consistent in l1 and l2 writing taks and whether there is a cross-linguistic transfer in this respect. in this regard the subjects were instructed to write four compositions-two in english and two in farsi-which consisted of an ...

گسترش سریع تکنولوژی و اینترنت مسیر شرکت ها را به نگهداری وفاداری مشتریان الکترونیکی معطوف کرده است. وفاداری مشتریان یک حوزه بسیار جالب برای شرکت ها می باشد و وفاداری مشتریان تاثیر مستقیم بر درآمد و سودزایی شرکتها دارد. با توجه به اهمیت وفاداری مشتری، ما به جستجوی سه مشکل اصلی تحقیق پرداختیم که آن ها مهمترین موانع برای حفظ حیات کسب و کارهای اینترنتی هستند که عبارت از تعویض های متعدد مشتری، هزینه...