Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenetic disorder caused by single amino acid change in the beta globin gene. This mutation facilitates the production of unstable sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) which upon deoxygenation forms higher order aggregates which cause erythrocyte rigidity. These rigid cells block the microvasculature resulting in vaso-occlusion, tissue ischemia, organ damage, pain and deat...

Testicular compartment syndrome (TCS) refers to the impairment of microcirculation in the testicle due to either increased venous resistance or extraluminal compression, which leads to hypoxia. TCS releases oxidants through hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management of TCS are reviewed. Based on the properties of TCS, specific causes...

23 24 Breathing-disordered states, such as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which are cyclical in 25 nature, have been postulated to induce neurocognitive morbidity in both pediatric and adult 26 populations. The oscillatory nature of intermittent hypoxia, especially when chronic, may mimic 27 the paradigm of ischemia/reperfusion in that tissues and cells are exposed to episodes of low and 28 ...

Renal ischemic reperfusion Injury (I/R) is an important clinical problem that shows sex differences thus there was a specific role of sex steroids in renal injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of estrogen as an antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant agent in renal I/R injury. Five groups were included (n=10/group): Sham-operated, I/R of the kidney, I/R after bilateral ovarie...

Breathing-disordered states, such as in obstructive sleep apnea, which are cyclical in nature, have been postulated to induce neurocognitive morbidity in both pediatric and adult populations. The oscillatory nature of intermittent hypoxia, especially when chronic, may mimic the paradigm of ischemia-reperfusion in that tissues and cells are exposed to episodes of low and high O(2) and this may l...

Ischemia is a leading cause of acute kidney injury. Kidney ischemia is associated with loss of cellular ion homeostasis; however, the pathways that underlie ion homeostasis dysfunction are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the nonselective cation channel transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) in a murine model of kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. TRPM2-deficient mice were...

Gas formed in tissues and the circulating blood due to decompression is thought to be a significant factor in the progression of decompression illness (DCI). DCI is a potential problem for a growing population of professional and recreational divers. We hypothesise that these gas bubbles are not the causative agent in progression of DCI, rather an exacerbating factor. Endothelial dysfunction ca...

Toxic oxygen species have been implicated as important mediators of injury after reperfusion of an ischemic organ. The aim of this study was to determine if prior metabolic inhibition, such as that which occurs during ischemia, potentiates oxidant injury in vitro. Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were metabolically inhibited for various periods of time with or without the mitochondrial...

Background:Troxerutin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and in this study, its antioxidant effect on the reduction of oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion sciatic nerve injury was investigated. Methods:In this study, 64 male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups as follows: 1- IR2: ischemia (3 hours) and reperfusion (2 days), 2- T...

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced under a variety of pro-oxidant conditions such as those associated with ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of transplanted organs. HO-1 cleaves the heme porphyrin ring releasing Fe, which induces the expression of the Fe sequestering protein ferritin. By limiting the ability of Fe to participate in the generation of free radicals through the Fenton reaction, fe...