A major aim of ecology is to upscale attributes individuals understand processes at population, community and ecosystem scales. Such are typically described using functional traits, that is, standardised characteristics impact fitness via effects on survival, growth and/or reproduction. However, commonly used traits (e.g. wood density, SLA) becoming increasingly criticised for not being truly m...

Physiological and pharmacological research undertaken on sloths during the past 30 years is comprehensively reviewed. This includes the numerous studies carried out upon the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, anesthesia, blood chemistry, neuromuscular responses, the brain and spinal cord, vision, sleeping and waking, water balance and kidney function and reproduction. Similarities and diff...

The microbiome is shown to have important roles in human health. Recent studies in mice show intestinal microbes stimulate host neuropeptide oxytocin and immune physiology in a mind-body paradigm with diverse outputs improved systemic wound-healing capacity. Oxytocin is best known for roles in reproduction and immunity, but is more recently implicated in obesity, human bonding, and trust. Micro...

In a recent Current Biology paper [1], we reported that pheromone communication occurred during metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Female pheromones appeared to influence various aspects of the physiology and development of adult males. In particular, we observed that this communication regulated testis development and had a positive impact on reproduction, as measured by a difference in...

Since the development by Quinn and Burrows (1936) of a simple method of obtaining semen from and inseminating gallinaceous (chicken-like) birds, artificial insemination has made possible a number of studies on the physiology of reproduction and hybridization of these birds. An extension of the technique to the smaller birds, particularly to the pigeons and doves, holds promise as a tool for mor...

HISASHI KISHI,1 MARIKO ITOH,2 KEN-ICHI OHSHIMA,3 MING-WEI WANG,2 GEN WATANABE,3 AND KAZUYOSHI TAYA3 1Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Animal Industry Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0991; 2Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506; 3Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and T...

www.chestpubs.org Correspondence to: Samatha Sonnappa, MD, PhD, Portex Unit: Respiratory Medicine and Physiology, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, 30, Guilford St, London, WC1N 1EH, England; e-mail: [email protected] © 2010 American College of Chest Physicians. Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from...

Copyright: © 2016 Baker JS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. *Corresponding author: Julien S Baker, Applied Physiology Research Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Scien...

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