Tension between necessity for infrastructure investment and scarcity of public capital is inevitable in modern motorized nations. When fiscal policy needs to be tightened public investment may face deceleration. On the other hand lax funding scheme may give way to over-investment. After an overview of recent trend in funding system of road investment this paper highlights institutional differen...

This paper discusses the EU Commission’s proposal to establish a ground-breaking, two-tier Investment Court System in Section 3 of Commission’ draft TTIP address concerns about systemic deficiencies looming behind current ISDS (mainly lack legitimacy, consistency and transparency) by bringing private model investment dispute settlement back public domain, as well providing for an appellate mech...

The aim of this study is to construct appropriate portfolios by taking investor’s preferences and risk profile into account in a realistic, flexible and practical manner. In this concern, a fuzzy rule based expert system is developed to support portfolio managers in their middle term investment decisions. The proposed expert system is validated by using the data of 61 stocks that publicly trade...

Recently, along with the depletion of fossil fuels and growing electrical requirements, more attention has been paid on utilizing Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). The Chichest tourism complex is located 20 km far from Orumieh, Iran which has been supplied through the main distribution grid connection. But, recently the trend is to expand the share of RESs in supplying microgrids demand. Hence, ...