RNA editing is an important co- and post-transcriptional event that generates RNA and protein diversity. Aminoglycosides are a group of bactericidal antibiotics and a mainstay of antimicrobial therapy for several life-threatening infections. However, aminoglycosides can induce ototoxicity, resulting in damage to the organs responsible for hearing and balance. At low concentrations, aminoglycosi...

Expression of mitochondrial genomes in Kinetoplastida protists requires massive uracil insertion/deletion mRNA editing. The cascade of editing reactions is accomplished by a multiprotein complex, the 20S editosome, and is directed by trans-acting guide RNAs. Two distinct RNA terminal uridylyl transferases (TUTases), RNA Editing TUTase 1 (RET1) and RNA Editing TUTase 2 (RET2), catalyze 3' uridyl...

Partially edited mRNAs were selected by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. In the case of cytochrome b, 102 out of 106 clones displayed patterns of editing that were consistent with a strictly progressive 3' to 5' editing process, as predicted by the guide RNA model of RNA editing. In the case of cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COIII), 177 out of 304 clones displayed strictly progress...

In trypanosomatids, uridylate residues are post-transcriptionally added to or deleted from pre-mRNAs during the complex process of RNA editing. Editing is carried out exclusively in the mitochondrion of these parasites and involves numerous proteins assembled into protein and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Previously we identified RNA-editing-associated protein -1 (REAP-1), an RNA binding protein...

RNA editing is the alteration of RNA sequences via insertion, deletion and conversion of nucleotides. In flowering plants, specific cytidine residues of RNA transcribed from organellar genomes are converted into uridines. Approximately 35 editing sites are present in the chloroplasts of higher plants; six pentatricopeptide repeat genes involved in RNA editing have been identified in Arabidopsis...

RNA editing in kinetoplastids is the post-transcriptional insertion and deletion of uridylate residues in mitochondrial transcripts, directed by base pairing with guide RNAs. Models for editing propose transesterification or endonuclease plus RNA ligase reactions and may involve a guide RNA-mRNA chimeric intermediate. We have assessed the feasibility of the enzymatic pathway involving chimeras ...

In the mitochondria of kinetoplastid protozoa, including Trypanosoma brucei, RNA editing inserts and/or deletes uridines from pre-mRNAs to produce mature, translatable mRNAs. RNA editing is carried out by several related multiprotein complexes known as editosomes, which contain all of the enzymatic components required for catalysis of editing. In addition, noneditosome accessory factors necessa...

The term “RNA editing” was initially introduced to describe a process resulting in the addition of nongenomitally encoded uridine residues (U’s) to mitochondrial mRNAs in the kinetoplastid protozoa (Benne et al., 1986), but has recently been used to describe other processes involving modification of RNA in other organisms (Powell et al., 1987; Chen et al., 1987; Thomas et al., 1988). We would l...

In kinetoplastid parasites, regulation of mitochondrial gene expression occurs posttranscriptionally via RNA stability and RNA editing. In addition to the 20S editosome that contains the enzymes required for RNA editing, a dynamic complex called the mitochondrial RNA binding 1 (MRB1) complex is also essential for editing. Trypanosoma brucei RGG3 (TbRGG3) was originally identified through its in...

In vitro editing in mammalian nuclear extracts reveals adenosine-to-inosine conversions in glutamate receptor messenger RNAs.