U.S.-Japan as well as U.S.-Canada bilateral real trade balances, real exchange rates and relative real GDP is non-stationary in levels revealing I (1) behavior. There are evidence of co integration, long-run bi-directional causal flows among variables with no clear evidence of feedbacks in different lag structures. INTRODUCTION Japan and Canada are the most important trading partners of the Uni...

A favorable trade balance is a positive indicator for emerging economies, and rectifying imbalances paramount every country. However, fixing deficits by depreciating the currency misguided policy approach. This study refutes this myth computing elasticity of Pakistan's exports, imports, using real exchange rate. It also examines degree to which elasticities respond changing regimes rate policie...

This paper uses a gravity model approach in order to analyse the geographical patterns of Irish exports. The gravity model in international trade has been demonstrated to be an extremely robust empirical method. The gravity model is first applied to aggregate Irish exports from 1980 to 2007. Distance is found to have a strong negative effect on exports. On the other hand, exports are positively...

regarding the decentralization of credits management, this study examined the effect of fiscal policies on gross domestic product of the iranian provinces over the period 2001-2009. therefore, we used dynamic panel data and employed gmm-sys method to examine the model. the results show that the government expenditure and tax multiplier coefficients are less than one in short - run but greater t...

Persistent deficit in trade balance is a common characteristic of developing countries which low value agricultural exports may not offset the high industrial imports. This article intends to explore effect inflation, exchange rate, GDP, FDI and GCE on South Asian countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan Sri Lanka. Data were obtained from, World Development Indicators from 2001 201...

Using data covering the period from 1983 to 2019, we apply autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach investigate whether trade openness has spurred economic growth in Uganda. The extant literature shows that increases growth, but this empirical evidence remains contested. Our results on long-run relationship reveal existence of a positive and statistically significant between...

Prediction is a critical component in decision-making process for business management. Fuzzy Markov model is a common approach for dealing with the prediction of time series. However, not many studies devoted their attention to the effect of the parameters on model fitting for fuzzy Markov model. In the paper, we examine the prediction ability for fuzzy Markov model, based on the data of Taiwan...